4.6 Review

Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Andrology

The effect of interleukin-6 level at the time of hospitalisation on erectile functions in hospitalised patients with COVID-19

Ridvan Sivritepe et al.

Summary: The study indicates that elevated IL-6 levels in male patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 may be associated with the risk of developing erectile dysfunction (ED), with a moderate correlation between IL-6 level and the change in the IIEF-5 score and D-dimer level.

ANDROLOGIA (2022)

Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Quantitative Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using Indirect ELISA

Shuhong Luo et al.

Summary: An indirect ELISA assay was developed to quantitatively measure the levels of COVID-19 IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in patient serum. The assay showed high specificity (>98%) and sensitivity (95.72%, 83.47%, and 82.60% for IgG, IgM, and IgA, respectively) when detecting antibodies against spike subunit 1 receptor binding domain and N proteins in serum. The assay was also validated using plasma and dried blood spot specimens. It can be used to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated individuals or populations exposed to the virus.

LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cancer biology and molecular genetics of A3 adenosine receptor

Chiara Mazziotta et al.

Summary: A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) acts differently in cancer depending on tissue type and adenosine dose, either promoting tumor growth, cell proliferation, and survival, or triggering cytostatic and apoptotic pathways. This review focuses on describing the role of A(3)AR activation and its ligands in cancer, as well as the potential therapeutic implications of A(3)AR modulators in cancer treatment.

ONCOGENE (2022)

Article Virology

Human papillomavirus E6E7 mRNA and TERC lncRNA in situ detection in cervical scraped cells and cervical disease progression assessment

Hui Zhao et al.

Summary: This study developed a method for RNA in situ hybridization in cervical cells and used it to detect human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNAs, high-risk and low-risk subtypes, and long non-coding RNA TERC in cervical cell samples from female patients. The results showed consistency between human papillomavirus PCR and RNA in situ hybridization results in most of the samples, but also revealed some inconsistencies. The study also observed clustering of HPV viral RNA and detected varying numbers of infected cells in different patients. The presence of the long non-coding RNA TERC was also found in some samples. These findings provide valuable clues for gynecologists to evaluate HPV infection and cell malignancy status, contributing to the assessment of cervical disease progression.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2022)

Article Virology

Timeline of SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Italy: Results from an Independent Serological Retesting

Emanuele Montomoli et al.

Summary: The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 suggests the possibility of undetected earlier circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Testing of pre-pandemic samples from Italy showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, indicating possible infection before the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of harmonizing serological assays for testing the spread of the virus and may contribute to a better understanding of future virus dynamics.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Article Immunology

Drastic decline in sera neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Wuhan COVID-19 convalescents

Chengbao Ma et al.

Summary: The heavily mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised global concern due to its emergence and rapid transmission. This study compared the infectivity, membrane fusion, and immune escape efficiency of the Omicron variant with the original strain and the Delta variant. The results showed that the Omicron variant had slightly higher infectivity and a significantly reduced fusogenicity compared to the Delta variant. Neutralization assays revealed a dramatic reduction in neutralization against the Omicron variant, but immune-boosting through three vaccine shots improved immunity against it.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Identifying Predictive Bacterial Markers from Cervical Swab Microbiota on Pregnancy Outcome in Woman Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Annacandida Villani et al.

Summary: This study aimed to analyze the microbiota of human cervical swab and its correlation with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) outcomes. The results showed that different microorganisms were predictive of women's pregnancy outcomes, with significant differences found at the species level, including Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus increased and Lactobacillus iners decreased in the favorable group compared to the unfavorable group, indicating their association with positive ART outcomes. Furthermore, the presence of Bifidobacterium, along with other lactobacilli, was more abundant in the favorable group.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Oncology

The Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor in Inflammation and Cancer: Novel Molecular Insights and Clinical Applications

John Charles Rotondo et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the function, activation, and ligands of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), as well as its role in inflammation and cancer. The activation of P2X7R has been found to have both pro- and anti-tumor effects. The article also describes the current therapeutic approaches and clinical trials of P2X7R modulators.

CANCERS (2022)

Article Immunology

Head-to-Head Comparison of Response Rates to the Two mRNA SARS-CοV-2 Vaccines in a Large Cohort of Solid Organ Transplant (SOT) Recipients

Smaragdi Marinaki et al.

Summary: A study on solid organ transplant recipients who received mRNA vaccines found a low antibody response rate and identified factors that negatively influenced immune response. These findings highlight the need for a reevaluation of vaccination strategies for transplant recipients.

VACCINES (2022)

Article Microbiology

The Effect of HSV-1 Seropositivity on the Course of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Condition of Newborns

Irina Anatolyevna Andrievskaya et al.

Summary: The research aims to evaluate HSV-1 seropositivity among pregnant women and its impact on pregnancy, childbirth, and newborns. The findings suggest that different titers of HSV-1 antibodies during different trimesters are associated with various complications such as threatened miscarriage, anemia, and placental insufficiency.

MICROORGANISMS (2022)

Article Biology

Psychological Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Insights into Pathophysiology and Risk Factors of Long COVID-19

Angel Yun-Kuan Thye et al.

Summary: Coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, can lead to various neuropsychiatric sequelae, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Risk factors for higher prevalence of these psychological symptoms in survivors include being female and having a history of psychiatric disorders. Probiotics may serve as a safe adjunctive treatment to alleviate psychological symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

PipeCoV: a pipeline for SARS-CoV-2 genome assembly, annotation and variant identification

Renato R. M. Oliveira et al.

Summary: Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community has intensified its research efforts to understand the virus and developed a new pipeline for genomic analysis and variant identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

PEERJ (2022)

Review Oncology

The Role of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Chiara Mazziotta et al.

Summary: This article reviews the recent progress in understanding the etiology and treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC), focusing on the role of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic markers.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Comparison of RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR Platforms for the Trace Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater

Warish Ahmed et al.

Summary: This study compared the performance of RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR platforms in detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in low-prevalence locations in Queensland, Australia. The results showed that RT-dPCR had a lower limit of detection and a higher detection rate than RT-qPCR in both eluate and pellet samples.

ACS ES&T WATER (2022)

Review Biochemical Research Methods

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations

Harikrishnan Jayamohan et al.

Summary: The unprecedented global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has pushed the limits of modern viral diagnostics, highlighting both the advantages and limitations of current technologies while prompting efforts to expand diagnostic capacity. Key observations in functionality of current SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods have been put forth, with emphasis on critical aspects such as sample collection, testing models, and commercial responses. Integrated nature of assays is stressed, where issues in sample collection and preparation could impact overall performance in a clinical setting.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Biophysics

COVID-19 diagnosis - A review of current methods

Meral Yuce et al.

Summary: A fast and accurate self-testing tool for COVID-19 diagnosis is crucial for understanding the global situation and taking appropriate actions. The diagnosis tools available mainly rely on viral gene detection, human antibody detection, and viral antigen detection, with RT-PCR being the most reliable technique.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

Article Biology

Clinical Outcome Prediction in COVID-19 Patients by Lymphocyte Subsets Analysis and Monocytes' iTNF-α Expression

Gabriele Madonna et al.

Summary: By evaluating cellular mediators in COVID-19 patients, changes in cell counts and ratios during infection were found to play a key role in disease outcomes.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2021)

Article Microbiology

Clinical Evaluation of BD Veritor SARS-CoV-2 Point-of-Care Test Performance Compared to PCR-Based Testing and versus the Sofia 2 SARS Antigen Point-of-Care Test

Stephen Young et al.

Summary: The BD Veritor System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen showed varied performance in different DSO ranges compared to PCR testing, with PPA values below 100%. However, Veritor demonstrated high agreement with Sofia 2 in detecting SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemical Research Methods

Next generation sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes: challenges, applications and opportunities

Matteo Chiara et al.

Summary: Various NGS-based strategies have been used to trace infectious agent origins and develop molecular diagnostic tests. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe societal and economic costs, emphasizing the importance of efficient sequencing methods. However, different technologies and approaches have their own advantages and limitations, highlighting the need for better integration and sharing of data.

BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS (2021)

Article Biophysics

CRISPR-Cas based virus detection: Recent advances and perspectives

Lijuan Yin et al.

Summary: This article highlights the recent advances in virus detection using CRISPR-Cas systems, particularly CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a. These systems, known for their sensitivity, specificity, high base resolution, and programmability, are revolutionizing virus detection and offering new possibilities in the field.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

Review Microbiology

Immunologic Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection from the Antigen Perspective

Dandan Li et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulates antigen-specific antibody responses and multiple serologic tests have been developed for it. The S1 domain of the spike protein is considered more specific than other parts of the protein, and the receptor-binding domain as an antigen to test patient antibodies is more sensitive than the native N protein.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Comparison of Digital PCR and Quantitative PCR with Various SARS-CoV-2 Primer-Probe Sets

Changwoo Park et al.

Summary: The study found that ddPCR is more sensitive than RT-qPCR in detecting viral RNA, especially for determining the copy number of reference materials.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Christian Gaebler et al.

Summary: After infection with SARS-CoV-2, antibody levels against the spike protein decrease significantly, but the number of memory B cells remain unchanged, indicating an evolving humoral response at 6.2 months after infection.

NATURE (2021)

Review Virology

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): An effective molecular point-of-care technique for the rapid diagnosis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Melek Chaouch

Summary: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused significant loss worldwide. The LAMP test is considered an effective diagnostic tool for Covid-19, especially in endemic areas and low-income countries.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Epigenetic Dysregulations in Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Driven Merkel Cell Carcinoma

John Charles Rotondo et al.

Summary: This review discusses the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-driven Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC), highlighting the importance of histone posttranslational modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNA regulation. The dysregulation of these epigenetic processes may have clinical significance for MCC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Digital droplet PCR accurately quantifies SARS-CoV-2 viral load from crude lysate without nucleic acid purification

Harish N. Vasudevan et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates the accurate and consistent measurement of SARS-CoV-2 viral load using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) directly from crude lysate without nucleic acid purification. ddPCR performs well in nasopharyngeal swab specimens with low input viral copy numbers, showing higher sensitivity and robustness compared to qPCR when using crude lysate.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Article Oncology

Association between oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 and Killian polyp

Lucia Oton-Gonzalez et al.

Summary: A fraction of KP samples tested positive for oncogenic HPV16, suggesting a potential association between HPV16 and KP. Detection of HPV16 in the antral portion of KP may be derived from the maxillary sinus. HPV16 DNA integration represents a novel finding, indicating heterogeneity in the onset of KP.

INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND CANCER (2021)

Article Biology

One Year of SARS-CoV-2: How Much Has the Virus Changed?

Santiago Vilar et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins are mutating at different rates, with most viral proteins showing little mutational variability. The analysis reveals significant differences in mutation rates in terms of time and geography, but current vaccines and therapies are still likely to remain effective.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Field evaluation of a rapid antigen test (Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device) for COVID-19 diagnosis in primary healthcare centres

Eliseo Albert et al.

Summary: The Panbio (TM) COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device performed well as a POC test for early diagnosis of COVID-19 in primary healthcare centres, with a specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 79.6% respectively. The negative predictive value of RAD was 99% and 97.9% under estimated prevalence of 5% and 10% respectively.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

Review Respiratory System

COVID-19 new diagnostics development: novel detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 infection and considerations for their translation to routine use

Jim F. Huggett et al.

Summary: The review highlights the urgent need for accurate SARS-CoV-2 tests and discusses the development of various analytical tools in response to the global demand. It emphasizes the importance of reproducibility and fitness for purpose for novel diagnostic solutions to succeed in widespread clinical and surveillance applications.

CURRENT OPINION IN PULMONARY MEDICINE (2021)

Article Allergy

Systemic and mucosal antibody responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 during mild versus severe COVID-19

Carlo Cervia et al.

Summary: The study found that severe COVID-19 patients experienced a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after symptom onset, especially with high IgA titers, while mild cases may exhibit transient production of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Interestingly, some healthcare workers with negative serum antibody titers showed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in mucosal fluids with virus-neutralizing capacity in some cases.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections

Bhavesh D. Kevadiya et al.

Summary: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has led to diverse and severe symptoms, making accurate diagnosis a key challenge. Rapid diagnosis and treatment measures are crucial in controlling the spread of the virus. The development of diagnostic tools, including nanomaterial-based ones, is essential in the fight against the pandemic.

NATURE MATERIALS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Droplet digital RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 signature mutations of variants of concern in wastewater

Leo Heijnen et al.

Summary: Wastewater surveillance using RT-ddPCR for specific detection of the N501Y mutation in SARS-CoV-2 variants has proven to be an effective tool in monitoring the trends and spread of COVID-19 variants in the community, supporting public health decision-making for control measures.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic detection of SARS-CoV-2 by digital PCR

Lianhua Dong et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel Coronavirus has spread globally. Current gold standard RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis shows varying sensitivity, highlighting the need for more accurate methods. A study on RT-dPCR demonstrated significant improvement in detection sensitivity, particularly for asymptomatic patients, making it a highly accurate method for screening suspected cases.

TALANTA (2021)

Review Immunology

Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals the Progression of COVID-19

Xiaomin Chen et al.

Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the importance of next-generation sequencing in understanding the virus. NGS analysis has provided insights into the origin and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as well as related factors like ACE2 expression levels, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and immunogenetics of patients. These sequencing techniques have the potential to identify new hosts, aid in diagnostic development, and discover therapeutic targets, offering crucial support in the fight against future public health emergencies.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Virology

Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome

Alba Folgueiras-Gonzalez et al.

Summary: A commercial pig farm without history of PCV2 or PRRSV experienced significant reduction in body weight gain and wasting symptoms in 20-30% of pigs between three and six weeks post weaning. Viral metagenomics revealed 14 enteric viruses within the herd, with wasting pigs showing presence of enterovirus G, rotavirus, and porcine sapovirus. The study suggests disturbances in the enteric virome may play a determining role in postweaning intestinal barrier dysfunctions and nutrient uptake.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Importance of Atmospheric Microbial Contamination Control in Dental Offices: Raised Awareness Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Avram Manea et al.

Summary: Our research compared four different procedures for air contamination reduction in medical offices in the context of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. Results showed that all procedures were effective, but the decontamination time and overall effect varied depending on the method chosen. Fogging was the most effective method from a medical perspective, while the UVC air circulation unit was found to be more efficient from a management perspective.

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

How did we protect ourselves during intubation for a COVID-19 patient in the context of PPE shortage?

Sheng Zhang et al.

Summary: This report discusses the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in early stages of COVID-19 at a university hospital outside Wuhan, China, with a focus on optimizing healthcare worker personal protection and airway management procedures in the context of insufficient personal protective equipment. The experiences shared may serve as a reference for resource-limited countries, especially those facing overwhelming pressure on healthcare systems.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2021)

Article Pathology

Digital Droplet PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Resolves Borderline Cases

Jing Xu et al.

Summary: The clinical validation of the Bio-Rad SARS-CoV-2 ddPCR Kit showed high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. This method could provide definitive evaluation for borderline positive cases or suspected false-negative cases, indicating its potential in clinical applications.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2021)

Article Microbiology

Significantly Low Levels of IgG Antibodies Against Oncogenic Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Sera From Females Affected by Spontaneous Abortion

Chiara Mazziotta et al.

Summary: This study investigated the impact of MCPyV infection on females affected by spontaneous abortion (SA), showing a significantly reduced IgG antibody response to MCPyV in females with SA.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Infectious Diseases

How to interpret and use COVID-19 serology and immunology tests

David S. Y. Ong et al.

Summary: Molecular tests are considered the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics, but serological and immunological tests can also be valuable in certain situations. The presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 may indicate a recent or past COVID-19 infection, and tests like ELISA and CLIA have higher sensitivities. Cellular immunity is crucial in host defences against viruses, and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 can provide important information on past infections.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

Review Infectious Diseases

Mucosal immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection

Janeri Froberg et al.

Summary: Mucosal immune responses play a crucial role in early restriction of viral replication and clearance of SARS-CoV-2, with strong correlations observed between mucosal antibody responses and virus neutralization. Further studies are needed to understand how systemic immunological endpoints measured in vaccination studies translate to mucosal protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

The Mucosal and Serological Immune Responses to the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccines

Renee W. Y. Chan et al.

Summary: Comirnaty vaccine induces mucosal IgA and IgG responses with neutralizing activity, while CoronaVac vaccine primarily induces IgG responses in plasma, demonstrating differences in immune response between the two vaccine platforms.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection (Review)

Luca Falzone et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of accurate diagnostic methods to limit the spread of infection, including rapid antigen and antibody tests, immunoenzymatic serological tests, and molecular tests based on RT-PCR. In addition to these traditional methods, new techniques such as isothermal nucleic acid amplification and CRISPR/Cas-based approaches are being researched for potential diagnostic use. This review provides guidance on the diagnostic strategies available for COVID-19 diagnosis, describing the technical characteristics of the methods and discussing sample types, testing modalities, and timing.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Self-Collected Samples to Detect SARS-CoV-2: Direct Comparison of Saliva, Tongue Swab, Nasal Swab, Chewed Cotton Pads and Gargle Lavage

Niko Kohmer et al.

Summary: The study found that self-collected saliva and gargle lavage had higher diagnostic sensitivity in testing for SARS-CoV-2, making them preferable alternatives. For most symptomatic patients, saliva, gargle lavage, or mid-turbinate nasal swabs may be considered suitable choices.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Oncology

A3 Adenosine and P2X7 Purinergic Receptors as New Targets for an Innovative Pharmacological Therapy of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Fabrizio Vincenzi et al.

Summary: This study investigated the potential anti-tumor activities of A(3) adenosine and P2X7 receptors in MPM cell lines. The results showed that single treatment with Cl-IB-MECA or AZ10606120 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, but there was no synergistic effect when used in combination. This suggests the need for further research to identify new combinations of antitumor compounds for more effective therapeutic strategies against MPM.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Thrombotic Adverse Events Reported for Moderna, Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccines: Comparison of Occurrence and Clinical Outcomes in the EudraVigilance Database

Mansour Tobaiqy et al.

Summary: Thrombotic adverse events, particularly with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, were rare but associated with fatal outcomes. Pulmonary embolism was significantly associated with a fatal outcome, with higher rates reported for Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines.

VACCINES (2021)

Article Immunology

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in India Explored through a Population-Based Longitudinal Survey

Srikanth Umakanthan et al.

Summary: The study in India revealed that individuals with higher income levels, living in society, showing confidence in the government and healthcare system were more inclined towards vaccination, while those who overstated the risks of COVID-19 and had a religious or populistic attitude towards vaccination were more hesitant or resistant.

VACCINES (2021)

Article Pathology

A Comparative Study of Real-Time RT-PCReBased SARS-CoV-2 Detection Methods and Its Application to Human-Derived and Surface Swabbed Material

Aizhan Tastanova et al.

Summary: Through evaluation of different commercial and customized RT-PCR protocols, it was found that these protocols have good sensitivity and specificity for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, a highly sensitive ddPCR method was developed, which could optimize the detection of viral samples.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS (2021)

Review Oncology

Hypomethylating agents (HMA) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: mechanisms of resistance and novel HMA-based therapies

Julia Stomper et al.

Summary: Aberrant DNA methylation is crucial in tumor development and progression. DNA hypomethylating agents can reverse DNA methylation and re-program tumor cells, but long-term use leads to resistance. First-generation HMAs are now standard for treating acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, but resistance is a growing concern.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Protective Role of Combined Polyphenols and Micronutrients against Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro

Marta De Angelis et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that the A5+ mixture is more effective in inhibiting influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections, reducing viral protein expression and viral release. Additionally, A5+ treatment significantly decreases IL-6 cytokine production in influenza virus-infected cells.

BIOMEDICINES (2021)

Article Biology

Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome at Hospital Admission in Patients with COVID-19

Ralph Wendt et al.

Summary: Researchers have found that COVID-19 patients show increased levels of immune decay and immune suppressive proteins in their serum samples, which are associated with mortality, invasive ventilation, and oxygen support. These findings suggest that COVID-19 may cause immunological disintegration, indicating the need for cytoprotective therapeutic interventions.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2021)

Article Microbiology

Multidisciplinary Approaches Identify Compounds that Bind to Human ACE2 or SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein as Candidates to Block SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 Interactions

Christopher J. Day et al.

Summary: This study identified compounds that bind to human ACE2 or the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain through molecular docking and SPR screening, with three compounds demonstrating dose-dependent antiviral potency in vitro.
Article Oncology

Methylation of SERPINA1 gene promoter may predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients affected by acute coronary syndrome

John Charles Rotondo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the methylation profile of SERPINA1 in blood cells from ACS patients, and found that SERPINA1 is hypermethylated in COPD+ patients. It was also observed that COPD- patients carrying SERPINA1 hypermethylated and high lymphocytes count may be at risk of developing COPD. Therefore, SERPINA1 hypermethylation may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting COPD development in ACS patients.

CLINICAL EPIGENETICS (2021)

Review Oncology

Next Generation Sequencing Technology in the Clinic and Its Challenges

Lau K. Vestergaard et al.

Summary: This article highlights the importance of precise identification and annotation of mutations in clinical oncology, as well as the impact of sequencing technologies development and bioinformatic tools on the results. Genomic alterations are crucial in personalized medicine for treatment efficacy. Therefore, evaluating and validating bioinformatic pipelines, as well as vigilance towards different tools, are essential.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs Interplay in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Carmen Lanzillotti et al.

Summary: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in osteogenesis, regulating molecular pathways and influencing bone growth and development through their interactions.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Serological Tests in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

Kissy Guevara-Hoyer et al.

Summary: Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 through serological testing is crucial for timely management of the virus. Different serological assays have varying levels of sensitivity and specificity, with implications for healthcare organization and treatment strategies.

DIAGNOSTICS (2021)

Article Biology

A Retrospective Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic Evolution in Italy

Anna Fochesato et al.

Summary: Researchers conducted a retrospective computational analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented countermeasures, estimate undetected viral circulation, and the start of COVID-19 outbreak. The study highlighted the importance of mechanistic models in optimizing intervention strategies and understanding key characteristics of pandemic dynamics.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Estimating asymptomatic, undetected and total cases for the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan: a mathematical modeling study

Xi Huo et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the complete outbreak data of COVID-19 in Wuhan, assessed the impact of public health interventions, and estimated asymptomatic, undetected, and total cases. Results showed that the transmission rate increased significantly before and after the lockdown, with around 20% of infections being asymptomatic.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Intranasal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: From challenges to potential in COVID-19 management

Vivek P. Chavda et al.

Summary: Intranasal vaccines have advantages in targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection, eliciting immune responses, and avoiding infections, while also convenient for self-administration and storage at ambient temperatures.

DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nucleic Acid Testing of SARS-CoV-2

Hee Min Yoo et al.

Summary: This review discusses the importance of accuracy and sensitivity in COVID-19 diagnosis, highlighting various detection methods such as PCR, digital PCR, and RT-LAMP. Non-conventional molecular diagnostic methods like NGS, CRISPR technology, and nanotechnology are also improving the accuracy of COVID-19 testing. Additionally, the standardization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing and the use of reference materials as resources are emphasized.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Immunology

Distinct systemic and mucosal immune responses during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nikaia Smith et al.

Summary: This study conducted a paired analysis of nasopharyngeal and systemic immune responses in COVID-19 patients, revealing distinct compartmentalization of immunity and shifts in the microbiome.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The next phase of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance: real-time molecular epidemiology

Bas B. Oude Munnink et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the current knowledge on key viral mutations and variants, emphasizing the need for a systematic approach to link global genomic surveillance with timely assessment of the phenotypic characteristics of novel variants in preparation for the next phase of the pandemic.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Review Virology

SARS-CoV-2 Infection: New Molecular, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenetic Insights. Efficacy of Current Vaccines and the Potential Risk of Variants

John Charles Rotondo et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 has caused the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to significant global health concerns. Despite scientific advancements, understanding of the virus remains limited. The development and deployment of vaccines has shown positive effects, but the emergence of new variants poses challenges to controlling and eradicating the infection.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Article Microbiology

Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis Is Associated With Symptoms Severity and Local Immune/Inflammatory Response in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Irene Soffritti et al.

Summary: The study revealed that oral dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients is associated with symptom severity and increased local inflammation, while a decreased mucosal immune response was also observed. The characteristics of the HOM may play a significant role in defining individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Cancer (ReCOVer Study): A Prospective Cohort Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group

Helena Linardou et al.

Summary: In cancer patients, despite a high seropositivity rate after receiving two vaccine doses, their antibody titers were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. Monitoring immune responses and understanding clinical factors influencing immunity could aid in adjusting vaccination strategies for vulnerable subgroups.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Epigenetics of Male Infertility: The Role of DNA Methylation

John Charles Rotondo et al.

Summary: Research has shown a correlation between sperm DNA methylation and male infertility, with various genes displaying differential methylation patterns in impaired spermatogenesis and reproductive dysfunction. Specifically, DNA methylation defects in MEST and H19 within imprinted genes, as well as MTHFR within non-imprinted genes, have been linked to male infertility. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms affecting methylation in sperm and its impact on male infertility.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evaluation and Comparison of Serological Methods for COVID-19 Diagnosis

Fanwu Gong et al.

Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to the development of various clinical diagnosis methods, including nucleic acid testing and serological screening. Due to the unsatisfactory sensitivity of nucleic acid detection, serological screening has become widely used. These serological diagnostic methods help improve clinical efficiency and control the spread of COVID-19.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-dose intranasal vaccination elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2

Xingyue An et al.

Summary: The development of an intranasal subunit vaccine that induces mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract has been reported, demonstrating the potential to prevent infection establishment in individuals and disease transmission.

ISCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Molecular diagnostics in the era of COVID-19

Harindi Jayakody et al.

Summary: The review discusses the application of molecular diagnostic technologies in controlling the spread of COVID-19 and the key factors affecting the sensitivity and specificity of the tests used.

ANALYTICAL METHODS (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular-based tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Jacqueline Dinnes et al.

Summary: Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection are crucial for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Point-of-care antigen and molecular tests can increase access to testing and expedite clinical and public health management decisions. Studies show that antigen tests have varying sensitivity, with higher accuracy in the first week of infection, and the efficacy of molecular tests depends on the specific brand used.

COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2021)

Article Ophthalmology

Evaluation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in the Conjunctival Secretions of COVID-19 Patients

Hany Mahmoud et al.

Summary: The study found that anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA can be detected in ocular secretions of SARS-CoV-2 patients, with no correlation to age, sex, or disease severity, but a correlation with ocular symptoms.

CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Non-Respiratory Symptoms of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Lessons from Their Initial Presentation at the Hospital

Angelo V. Vasiliadis et al.

Summary: The study aimed to describe non-respiratory symptoms of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. It found that musculoskeletal symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, and arthralgia were present in three-quarters of patients at symptom onset. These findings could aid in developing updated triage and admission protocols for suspected COVID-19 patients.

MEDICINA-LITHUANIA (2021)

Article Microbiology

Analytical Sensitivity of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card

Garrett A. Perchetti et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the analytical sensitivity of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag card, finding detection limits of approximately 4.04 x 10(4) to 8.06 x 10(4) copies/swab, and good detection performance for samples with SARS-CoV-2 viral loads above 40,000 copies/swab.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR

Victor M. Corman et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China

Fan Wu et al.

NATURE (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients

Lirong Zou et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany

Camilla Rothe et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Recent advances and perspectives of nucleic acid detection for coronavirus

Minzhe Shen et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (2020)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

VADR: validation and annotation of virus sequence submissions to GenBank

Alejandro A. Schaffer et al.

BMC BIOINFORMATICS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Architecture of SARS-CoV-2 Transcriptome

Dongwan Kim et al.

Article Immunology

Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients

Fengting Yu et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Collected from Recovered Coronavirus Patients Protect against COVID-19 and Strengthen the Immune System of New Patients?

Samir Jawhara

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Biochemical Research Methods

Nucleic Acid Detection Using CRISPR/Cas Biosensing Technologies

Rashid Aman et al.

ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY (2020)

Article Oncology

Role of human papillomavirus infection in the etiology of vulvar cancer in Italian women

Mario Preti et al.

INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND CANCER (2020)

Article Immunology

ddPCR: a more accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens

Tao Suo et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis

Linda J. Carter et al.

ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2020)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

CRISPR-Cas12-based detection of SARS-CoV-2

James P. Broughton et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Microbiology

High Human Papillomavirus DNA loads in Inflammatory Middle Ear Diseases

Nicola Malagutti et al.

PATHOGENS (2020)

Article Microbiology

Lower cost alternatives for molecular diagnosis of COVID-19: conventional RT-PCR and SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR

Erick Gustavo Dorlass et al.

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Comparative Analysis of Primer-Probe Sets for RT-qPCR of COVID-19 Causative Virus (SARS-CoV-2)

Yujin Jung et al.

ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecular diagnostic technologies for COVID-19: Limitations and challenges

Adeel Afzal

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH (2020)

Article Virology

Comparison of commercial lateral flow immunoassays and ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection

Maria Martinez Serrano et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response

Rosanna W. Peeling et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid isothermal amplification and portable detection system for SARS-CoV-2

Anurup Ganguli et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Are we underestimating seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2? Current antibody tests fail to identify people who had mild infections

Stephen Burgess et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Article Microbiology

Development and evaluation of a rapid CRISPR-based diagnostic for COVID-19

Tieying Hou et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2020)

Article Health Policy & Services

COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Savannah Bergquist et al.

HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Rapid Antibody-Based COVID-19 Mass Surveillance: Relevance, Challenges, and Prospects in a Pandemic and Post-Pandemic World

Robin Augustine et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

Article Cell Biology

SERPINA1 Gene Promoter Is Differentially Methylated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Pregnant Women

John Charles Rotondo et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the World: An Estimation of the Infected Population and a Measure of How Higher Detection Rates Save Lives

Carlos Villalobos

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Streamlined inactivation, amplification, and Cas13-based detection of SARS-CoV-2

Jon Arizti-Sanz et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Immunology

Mucosal Immunity in COVID-19: A Neglected but Critical Aspect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Michael W. Russell et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Biology

Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgA Response in Tears of COVID-19 Patients

Elisabetta Caselli et al.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2020)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Opportunities and challenges in long-read sequencing data analysis

Shanika L. Amarasinghe et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2020)

Article Immunology

Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2

Jianhui Nie et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

Review Immunology

Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections - the state of the art

Michael J. Loeffelholz et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

Article Immunology

Lack of cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2

Danielle E. Anderson et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

SHERLOCK: nucleic acid detection with CRISPR nucleases

Max J. Kellner et al.

NATURE PROTOCOLS (2019)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

CRISPR/Cas Systems towards Next-Generation Biosensing

Yi Li et al.

TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

Review Infectious Diseases

Next-generation sequencing technologies and their application to the study and control of bacterial infections

J. Besser et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2018)

Article Environmental Sciences

Environmental doses of perfluorooctanoic acid change the expression of genes in target tissues of common carp

John Charles Rotondo et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Field-deployable viral diagnostics using CRISPR-Cas13

Cameron Myhrvold et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity

Janice S. Chen et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Next-generation diagnostics with CRISPR

Daniel S. Chertow

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multiplexed and portable nucleic acid detection platform with Cas13, Cas12a, and Csm6

Jonathan S. Gootenberg et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Review Microbiology

Clinical and biological insights from viral genome sequencing

Charlotte J. Houldcroft et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2

Jonathan S. Gootenberg et al.

SCIENCE (2017)

Review Immunology

Chemiluminescent immunoassay technology: what does it change in autoantibody detection?

Luigi Cinquanta et al.

AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS (2017)

Review Genetics & Heredity

Advancements in Next-Generation Sequencing

Shawn E. Levy et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS, VOL 17 (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Rapid, Low-Cost Detection of Zika Virus Using Programmable Biomolecular Components

Keith Pardee et al.

Article Immunology

Protocol for Metagenomic Virus Detection in Clinical Specimens

Claudia Kohl et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak

Stephen K. Gire et al.

SCIENCE (2014)

Article Virology

Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses: Challenges and pitfalls

Benjamin Meyer et al.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2014)

Review Immunology

Multi-faceted functions of secretory IgA at mucosal surfaces

Blaise Corthesy

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Exploring single-sample SNP and INDEL calling with whole-genome de novo assembly

Heng Li

BIOINFORMATICS (2012)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

High-Throughput Droplet Digital PCR System for Absolute Quantitation of DNA Copy Number

Benjamin J. Hindson et al.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2011)

Review Immunology

IgM in microbial infections: Taken for granted?

Rachael Racine et al.

IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS (2009)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea

JC Venter et al.

SCIENCE (2004)

Article Immunology

SARS and common viral infections

JK Louie et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2004)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and its relatives

JF Riordan

GENOME BIOLOGY (2003)