Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Summary: Recent surveillance has identified the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which carries up to 36 mutations in the spike protein and has the potential to evade vaccine-induced immunity. This study found that individuals vaccinated with mRNA vaccines exhibited strong neutralization of the Omicron variant, while most vaccinees had weak neutralization. The study also revealed that the Omicron variant infects more efficiently than other tested variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia Wei et al.
Summary: This study investigated the antibody responses and protection following the second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population of the United Kingdom. The results showed significant boosting of anti-spike IgG antibody levels after the second doses of both vaccines, with BNT162b2 generating higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. Older individuals, males, and prior infection influenced the antibody levels. The levels of anti-spike IgG were associated with protection from infection after vaccination, and previous infection enhanced antibody peak levels and half-life. At least 67% protection against infection is estimated to last for 2-3 months after two ChAdOx1 doses, 5-8 months after two BNT162b2 doses in uninfected individuals, and 1-2 years after natural infection in unvaccinated individuals. A third booster dose may be necessary, prioritizing ChAdOx1 recipients and those more clinically vulnerable.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter B. Gilbert et al.
Summary: In the COVE phase 3 clinical trial, neutralizing and binding antibodies were measured in vaccine recipients to determine their correlation with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that these immune markers were inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. Postvaccination neutralization titers of 10, 100, and 1000 correlated with estimated vaccine efficacies of 78%, 91%, and 96% respectively.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Sette et al.
Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine McMahan et al.
Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
S. F. Lumley et al.
Summary: In a longitudinal study of seropositive and seronegative health care workers undergoing asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing, the presence of anti-spike or anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was associated with a substantially reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the ensuing 6 months.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael D. Kappelman et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kristina L. Bajema et al.
Summary: This cross-sectional study indicates that as of September 2020, most people in the US did not have serologic evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the prevalence varied widely by jurisdiction. Seroprevalence surveys showed variations in infection rates between different sexes, age groups, and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan areas.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Adi Gundlapalli et al.
Summary: There is a current lack of standardized SARS-CoV-2 quantitative IgG and neutralization assays, which hinders the comparison of results from different studies. Most studies have used in-house laboratory-developed tests with non-standardized reporting methods. It is vital to enhance interassay and interlaboratory validation and standardization in order to better understand immune responses and vaccine efficacy.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuo Feng et al.
Summary: Defined levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine were identified as correlates of protection against symptomatic infection. Higher levels of immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. The data can be used to extrapolate efficacy estimates to new populations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jefferson M. Jones et al.
Summary: A study based on blood donations in the US from July 2020 to May 2021 found that seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced by vaccination or infection increased over time and varied by age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region. Despite adjustments for demographic differences, the findings may not be fully representative of the entire US population.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Delta variant, first identified in India in 2020, has become dominant in some regions and is spreading to many countries. This variant shows resistance to certain monoclonal antibodies and antibodies in convalescent sera, as well as reduced neutralization by some COVID-19 vaccines. Administration of two doses of the vaccine is needed for a neutralizing response against the Delta variant.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. P. O'Brien et al.
Summary: The study indicates that subcutaneous REGEN-COV can effectively prevent severe Covid-19 and reduce the duration of symptoms in individuals at high risk for infection due to household exposure to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.
Summary: In nonhuman primates (NHPs), vaccination with mRNA-1273 induces dose-dependent antibody responses, leading to a significant reduction in viral replication post SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Replication of the virus correlates strongly with antibody levels and neutralizing activity, with lower levels required in the lower airway than in the upper airway. Passive transfer of mRNA-1273-induced IgG is sufficient to provide protection, indicating that humoral immune responses induced by mRNA-1273 vaccine are effective against SARS-CoV-2 in NHPs.
Article
Immunology
Kristen A. Earle et al.
Summary: The study found a strong correlation between antibody titers and efficacy when assessing different COVID-19 vaccines, supporting the use of post-immunization antibody titers as the basis for establishing a correlate of protection for COVID-19 vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Alena J. Markmann et al.
Summary: In this study, it was found that neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals vary in magnitude but are durable. Higher neutralizing antibody titers are independently and significantly associated with male sex, as well as with increased age and symptom grade in male donors. Cardiometabolic comorbidities are also associated with higher antibody titers independently of sex.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily R. Egbert et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Petra Mlcochova et al.
Summary: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower sensitivity to antibodies and higher replication efficiency compared to other lineages, which may contribute to its dominance and reduced vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for continued infection control measures post-vaccination.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abishek Chandrashekar et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bin Ju et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davide F. Robbiani et al.