Related references
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Article
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Jia Ming Low et al.
Summary: A prospective cohort study in Singapore involving 88 lactating healthcare workers who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine showed minimal breastfeeding-related effects, no changes in milk supply post-vaccination, and the most common side effect being pain/redness/swelling at the injection site.
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Stefan Pilz et al.
Summary: Seroprevalence surveys indicate that a significant proportion of the global population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and natural immunity plays a crucial role in protecting against reinfections and severe disease. National surveys show that previous infection provides a reduced risk of reinfection for at least one year, with moderate waning immunity. Natural immunity appears to have similar effectiveness against different SARS-CoV-2 variants, except for the Omicron variant which requires further study. Observational studies suggest that natural immunity may provide equal or greater protection compared to two doses of mRNA vaccines, although data are not consistent. Combining previous infection with vaccination seems to offer the greatest protection against SARS-CoV-2, but there are still knowledge gaps in this area.
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(2022)
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Hannah G. Juncker et al.
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Kathryn J. Gray et al.
Summary: The study found that pregnant and lactating women had equivalent antibody titers after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccine compared to nonpregnant women, and these titers were higher than those induced by natural infection. Vaccine-induced antibodies were present in umbilical cord blood and breastmilk samples, transferring immunity to neonates through placenta and breastmilk.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
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Summary: This study found that COVID-19 vaccination among breastfeeding mothers had minimal disruption of lactation or adverse impact on the breastfed child. Even among mothers who reported an adverse impact on breastfeeding, their opinion about vaccination and confidence in their decision to receive the COVID-19 vaccine remained high.
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Summary: A study was conducted to investigate the symptoms and outcomes of breastfeeding women who received two mRNA vaccines, with similar proportions of women reporting symptoms after vaccination with either vaccine, but women who received the Moderna brand were more likely to report symptoms after the second dose. A small proportion of women reported a reduction in milk supply after the first dose of either vaccine, but significantly more women reported a reduction in milk supply after the second dose of Moderna.
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Summary: Lactating mothers who received the BNT162b2 vaccine secreted SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies into milk, providing protective immunity. Minimal transfer of vaccine mRNA was detected, and no adverse effects were reported in recipients.
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JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
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