4.7 Article

Poly(hydrophobic Amino Acids) and Liposomes for Delivery of Vaccine against Group A Streptococcus

Journal

VACCINES
Volume 10, Issue 8, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081212

Keywords

peptide-based vaccine; adjuvant; poly(hydrophobic amino acid); liposome; Group A Streptococcus; chain-like nanoparticles

Funding

  1. NHMRC [APP1132975]
  2. Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP21010280]
  3. Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship

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Adjuvants and delivery systems are crucial for enhancing immunogenicity of peptide-based vaccines. A poly(hydrophobic amino acids) delivery system self-assembles into nanoparticles with self-adjuvating ability, which can be further integrated into liposomes to boost immunological responses. Anchoring polyleucine-based conjugates to cationic liposomes induces significant mucosal and systemic immunity in mice.
Adjuvants and delivery systems are essential components of vaccines to increase immunogenicity against target antigens, particularly for peptide epitopes (poor immunogens). Emulsions, nanoparticles, and liposomes are commonly used as a delivery system for peptide-based vaccines. A Poly(hydrophobic amino acids) delivery system was previously conjugated to Group A Streptococcus (GAS)-derived peptide epitopes, allowing the conjugates to self-assemble into nanoparticles with self adjuvanting ability. Their hydrophobic amino acid tail also serves as an anchoring moiety for the peptide epitope, enabling it to be integrated into the liposome bilayer, to further boost the immunological responses. Polyleucine-based conjugates were anchored to cationic liposomes using the film hydration method and administered to mice subcutaneously. The polyleucine-peptide conjugate, its liposomal formulation, and simple liposomal encapsulation of GAS peptide epitope induced mucosal (saliva IgG) and systemic (serum IgG, IgG1 and IgG2c) immunity in mice. Polyleucine acted as a potent liposome anchoring portion, which stimulated the production of highly opsonic antibodies. The absence of polyleucine in the liposomal formulation (encapsulated GAS peptide) induced high levels of antibody titers, but with poor opsonic ability against GAS bacteria. However, the liposomal formulation of the conjugated vaccine was no more effective than conjugates alone self-assembled into nanoparticles.

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