4.8 Review

Review on the correlation between microstructure and mechanical performance for laser powder bed fusion AlSi10Mg

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Summary: This study investigated the effects of defects and building directions on the high-cycle fatigue and very-high-cycle fatigue performance of additive manufactured AlSi10Mg using crystal plasticity finite element analysis. The results showed that specimens with defects had significantly lower fatigue life compared to those without defects, and samples built at 0 degrees exhibited better fatigue performance than those built at 90 degrees. This work is valuable for determining fatigue lifetime and enhancing the fatigue behavior of AlSi10Mg.

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The effect of defect population on the anisotropic fatigue resistance of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

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Summary: Metallurgical defects significantly impact the anisotropic fatigue resistance of additively manufactured parts, as shown by X-ray CT analysis of AlSi10Mg alloy processed via laser powder bed fusion. The presence of near surface defects influences the initiation of fatigue cracks, leading to different mechanical performance in specimens loaded parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. Extreme value statistics can be used to predict the defect population in critical regions, aiding in the establishment of a fatigue performance assessment diagram.

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Evolution of microscopic strains, stresses, and dislocation density during in-situ tensile loading of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy

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Summary: This study investigates the microstructure, crystal lattice strains, and elastoplastic properties of LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy using high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction technology. Average phase stresses are calculated to quantify load distribution, while the dislocation density and its evolution during plastic deformation are determined based on modified methods. The Al matrix exhibits a multistage strain hardening behavior associated with interactions between dislocations and cell boundary networks.

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Evolution of Heterogeneous Microstructure and its Effects on Tensile Properties of Selective Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Alloy

Yongchao Ou et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that different scanning strategies in selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy can result in varied grain morphologies and microstructure, which in turn affect the tensile properties. Mechanical properties show significant differences between the horizontal and vertical directions, mainly influenced by the distribution of pores and MPBs.

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Influence of heat treatments on AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured with different laser powder bed fusion machines

A. Kempf et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of post process heat treatments on the mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured with Laser Powder Bed Fusion. The study found that while strength properties could be homogenized through heat treatments, ductility properties were still affected by material defects. Even slight differences in porosity could significantly impact ductility properties.

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Fatigue performance and crack propagation behavior of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg in 0?, 15?, 45? and 90? building directions

Zhongwei Xu et al.

Summary: The study showed that SLM samples exhibited high fatigue performance in the 0° to 15° building directions, while lower in the 45° and 90° directions. Additionally, the fatigue fracture parameters indicated that the 0° and 15° samples outperformed the 45° and 90° samples. Moreover, the differences in elasticity modulus and hardness between the MPBs and molten pool cores influenced the crack propagation behavior.

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The mechanical behavior and microstructure of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg for different material states and loading conditions

Michael Schuch et al.

Summary: This study investigated the mechanical behavior of AlSi10Mg produced by selective laser melting and heat treated to T5 and T6 states under various loading conditions and temperatures. It was found that T5 state possesses lower strength but higher elongation to fracture, while T6 state is more prone to biaxial loading and elevated temperature. The differences in mechanical properties were mainly attributed to varying sizes and species of precipitates, and a constitutive model was proposed to describe the flow stress as a function of strain and strain rate.

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Unravelling the multi-scale structure-property relationship of laser powder bed fusion processed and heat-treated AlSi10Mg

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Summary: The study uncovers the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic material properties of LPBF-processed AlSi10Mg, identifying grain refinement and Si supersaturation as crucial elements for achieving superior mechanical and thermal properties during heat treatment. Additionally, an electrical conductivity model accurately predicts Si solute concentration in LPBF-processed and heat-treated AlSi10Mg, facilitating understanding of microstructural evolution during heat treatment. The LPBF-processed and heat-treated AlSi10Mg conditions exhibit a range of superior mechanical properties compared to the mould-cast T6 reference condition.

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Fracture resistance of AlSi10Mg fabricate d by laser powder b e d fusion

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Microstructural origin of the anisotropic flow stress of laser powder bed fused AlSi10Mg

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Summary: The study revealed the microstructural origin of anisotropy in the yield stress and ultimate tensile strength of AlSi10Mg tensile specimens, which is attributed to an elongated Al-Si cellular network within individual grains. Micropillar compression tests and numerical simulations confirmed that the anisotropy is caused by the alignment of the cellular network in the build direction.

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Selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy under melting mode transition: Microstructure evolution, nanomechanical behaviors and tensile properties

Hong Wu et al.

Summary: The effect of volumetric energy density (VED) on the fabrication of AlSi10Mg alloy by selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated, revealing different melting modes and resulting in varied microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. Higher VED led to the formation of keyhole defects and two types of molten pools, affecting the grain size, Si network, and mechanical properties of the SLM parts differently.

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Effect of direct aging on the microstructure and tensile properties of AlSi10Mg alloy manufactured by selective laser melting process

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Summary: The research found that the AlSi10Mg alloy treated with DA exhibited superior tensile strength compared to the as-built and T6 alloys. However, the elongation of the DA alloy was slightly lower than that of the as-built alloy. Nevertheless, compared with conventional precipitate hardening Al-Si alloy, the DA alloy showed higher elongation.

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Influence of heat treatment on the high-cycle fatigue properties and fatigue damage mechanism of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

Min-Seok Baek et al.

Summary: The study found that the AlSi10Mg alloy processed with direct aging heat treatment exhibited superior fatigue properties, with fine Si precipitates playing a crucial role in enhancing high-cycle fatigue strength. An appropriate direct aging process can significantly improve the fatigue performance of the alloy.

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Microstructure evolution, fatigue crack growth, and ultrasonic fatigue in As-fabricated laser powder bed and conventionally cast Al-10Si-0.4Mg: A mechanistic understanding and integrated flaw-sensitive fatigue design methods

Timothy D. Piette et al.

Summary: This study systematically investigated the microstructures, tensile properties, and fatigue crack growth behaviors of laser powder bed manufactured Al-10Si-0.4Mg material, compared to an equivalent conventionally cast material. The LPB material showed orientation-dependent tensile properties with higher strengths and enhanced elongation, while minor differences in fatigue crack growth properties were observed, particularly in the near-threshold regime. Mechanisms of fatigue crack growth were identified and integrated with dual-parameter load-microstructure-damage mechanisms design maps, providing a microstructure-sensitive toolset for fatigue crack initiation and growth resistance.

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MPB characteristics and Si morphologies on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of SLM AlSi10Mg

U. Patakham et al.

Summary: The characteristics of the melt pool boundaries and silicon morphologies have significant impacts on the mechanical properties and deformability of the microstructure. Proper building strategies can help reduce the anisotropic properties of the parts.

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Influences of platform heating and post-processing stress relief treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of selective-laser-melted AlSi10Mg alloys

Ben Amir et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of the hot-build platform and post-processing stress relief treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of an AlSi10Mg alloy manufactured by selective laser melting. The research found that the distance from the heated build platform influenced surface hardness, dynamic performance, and relative density, while the stress relief treatment resulted in significant softening in mechanical properties. By correlating these findings to various fundamental characteristics, the study provided insight into the competing strengthening mechanisms activated during the fabrication process.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Microstructure, mechanical performance, and corrosion behavior of additively manufactured aluminum alloy 5083 with 0.7 and 1.0 wt% Zr addition

Le Zhou et al.

Summary: Alloying with Zr can mitigate solidification cracks and enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of AA5083 alloys produced by LPBF technology. Moderate Zr alloying is an effective approach for designing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys suitable for LPBF additive manufacturing technology.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

The Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Melt Pools During Laser Powder Bed Fusion of M2 Steel

Yining He et al.

Summary: This study integrated experimental and numerical methods to determine the process conditions for columnar-to-equiaxed transition in M2 tool steel during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. It found that the hardness of columnar microstructure was 20 to 30% higher than equiaxed microstructure, and established a process map for predicting equiaxed microstructure.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Material-structure-performance integrated laser-metal additive manufacturing

Dongdong Gu et al.

Summary: The advancement of laser-metal additive manufacturing has enabled the printing of multimaterial/multifunctional designs to meet the increasing demand from industries such as aviation, aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and energy production. By integrating material-structure-performance, major improvements in performance and function can be achieved through the right materials printed in the right positions and unique structures printed for unique functions. This approach exemplifies the revolution of design and manufacturing strategies in additive manufacturing.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Comparative study of performance comparison of AlSi10Mg alloy prepared by selective laser melting and casting

Qian Yan et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Effects of hot isostatic pressing and internal porosity on the performance of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloys

Tomotake Hirata et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2020)

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Rapid Solidification and Non-equilibrium Phase Constitution in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of AlSi10Mg Alloy: Analysis of Nano-precipitates, Eutectic Phases, and Hardness Evolution

Hong Qin et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE (2020)

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Effect of build orientation on the quasi-static and dynamic response of SLM AlSi10Mg

Tobias Maconachie et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2020)

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Process-Dependent Composition, Microstructure, and Printability of Al-Zn-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloys Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Le Zhou et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE (2020)

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A. T. Kermanidis et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE (2020)

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A comparative study of the effects of thermal treatments on AlSi10Mg produced by laser powder bed fusion

Elisa Padovano et al.

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Fatigue strength assessment of as built AlSi10Mg manufactured by SLM with different build orientations

S. Beretta et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High cycle fatigue performance of AlSi10mg alloy produced by selective laser melting

Z. W. Xu et al.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS (2020)

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Mechanical Properties of SLM-Printed Aluminium Alloys: A Review

Panneer Ponnusamy et al.

MATERIALS (2020)

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Influence on microstructure, strength and ductility of build platform temperature during laser powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg

Juan Guillermo Santos Macias et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Heterogeneous microstructure and voids dependence of tensile deformation in a selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

D. D. Ben et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2020)

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Understanding the Laser Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi10Mg Alloy

Holden Hyer et al.

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A review of selective laser melting of aluminum alloys: Processing, microstructure, property and developing trends

Jinliang Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Effect of post-process heat treatment on microstructure and properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

Longchao Zhuo et al.

MATERIALS LETTERS (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

A comparative study on single-laser and multi-laser selective laser melting AlSi10Mg: defects, microstructure and mechanical properties

Changchun Zhang et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Keyhole threshold and morphology in laser melting revealed by ultrahigh-speed x-ray imaging

Ross Cunningham et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Effect of nano-TiB2 particles on the anisotropy in an AlSi10Mg alloy processed by selective laser melting

Y. K. Xiao et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2019)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Microstructure of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

Xihe Liu et al.

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Very high-cycle fatigue properties and microstructural damage mechanisms of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

Mustafa Awd et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE (2019)

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3D printing of Aluminium alloys: Additive Manufacturing of Aluminium alloys using selective laser melting

Nesma T. Aboulkhair et al.

PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (2019)

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Influence of Si precipitates on fracture mechanisms of AlSi10Mg parts processed by Selective Laser Melting

J. Delahaye et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2019)

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Fatigue crack growth behavior of a selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

Maria Teresa Di Giovanni et al.

ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS (2019)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

Influence of the annealing and defects on the VHCF behavior of an SLM AlSi10Mg alloy

Andrea Tridello et al.

FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES (2019)

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Damage mechanisms in selective laser melted AlSi10Mg under as built and different post-treatment conditions

Lv Zhao et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2019)

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Ductilisation and fatigue life enhancement of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg by friction stir processing

Juan Guillermo Santos Macias et al.

SCRIPTA MATERIALIA (2019)

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Fostering crack deviation via local internal stresses in Al/NiTi composites and its correlation with fracture toughness

Lv Zhao et al.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2019)

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Role of melt pool boundary condition in determining the mechanical properties of selective laser melting AlSi10Mg alloy

Z. H. Xiong et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Contribution of Mg2Si precipitates to the strength of direct metal laser sintered AlSi10Mg

Amir Hadadzadeh et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Study of heat treatment parameters for additively manufactured AlSi10Mg in comparison with corresponding cast alloy

Luca Girelli et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility

Y. Morris Wang et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2018)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Fluid and particle dynamics in laser powder bed fusion

P. Bidare et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2018)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy after exposure to elevated temperatures

Michaela Fousova et al.

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Microstructure, precipitates and hardness of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy before and after heat treatment

Le Zhou et al.

MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION (2018)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Porosity formation mechanisms and fatigue response in Al-Si-Mg alloys made by selective laser melting

Kun V. Yang et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2018)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Heat treatment effect on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism in AlSi10Mg fabricated by additive manufacturing selective laser melting process

I Rosenthal et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2018)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Additive manufacturing of metallic components - Process, structure and properties

T. DebRoy et al.

PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (2018)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

LCF behaviour and a comprehensive life prediction model for AlSi10Mg obtained by SLM

S. Romano et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE (2018)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Solidification pattern, microstructure and texture development in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Al10SiMg alloy

Hong Qin et al.

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Enhancement in mechanical properties of selectively laser-melted AlSi10Mg aluminum alloys by T6-like heat treatment

L. F. Wang et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2018)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

Linking microstructure and processing defects to mechanical properties of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

N. O. Larrosa et al.

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS (2018)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

Oxides, porosity and fatigue performance of AlSi10Mg parts produced by selective laser melting

Ming Tang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE (2017)

Article Engineering, Mechanical

A comparison of fatigue strength sensitivity to defects for materials manufactured by AM or traditional processes

S. Beretta et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Low temperature annealing dedicated to AlSi10Mg selective laser melting products

J. Fiocchi et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Formation of metastable cellular microstructures in selective laser melted alloys

K. G. Prashanth et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2017)

Article Engineering, Industrial

Direction and location dependency of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg specimens

Leonhard Hitzler et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Engineering, Aerospace

Additive Manufacturing of Lightweight, Optimized, Metallic Components Suitable for Space Flight

Melissa E. Orme et al.

JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS (2017)

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Change in microstructure of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy with heat treatments

Naoki Takata et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2017)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Fatigue of AlSi10Mg specimens fabricated by additive manufacturing selective laser melting (AM-SLM)

Naor Elad Uzan et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2017)

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3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys

John H. Martin et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Strength and strain hardening of a selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

B. Chen et al.

SCRIPTA MATERIALIA (2017)

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Qualification of AM parts: Extreme value statistics applied to tomographic measurements

S. Romano et al.

MATERIALS & DESIGN (2017)

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On the limitations of Volumetric Energy Density as a design parameter for Selective Laser Melting

Umberto Scipioni Bertoli et al.

MATERIALS & DESIGN (2017)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

How magnesium accommodates local deformation incompatibility: A high-resolution digital image correlation study

Alberto Orozco-Caballero et al.

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Microstructure and strength of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg

J. Wu et al.

ACTA MATERIALIA (2016)

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Failure of metals II: Fatigue

Andre Pineau et al.

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A. Pineau et al.

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Stiffness and fracture analysis of photovoltaic grade silicon plates

Lv Zhao et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES (2016)

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The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing

W. J. Sames et al.

INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS (2016)

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Rapid Solidification: Selective Laser Melting of AlSi10Mg

Ming Tang et al.

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Changing the alloy composition of A17075 for better processability by selective laser melting

Maria L. Montero Sistiaga et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2016)

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Quantification and characterisation of porosity in selectively laser melted Al-Si10-Mg using X-ray computed tomography

I. Maskery et al.

MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION (2016)

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Effect of heat treatment on AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting: Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism

Wei Li et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2016)

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg: The effect of a conventional T6-like heat treatment

Nesma T. Aboulkhair et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING (2016)

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Improving the fatigue behaviour of a selectively laser melted aluminium alloy: Influence of heat treatment and surface quality

Nesma T. Aboulkhair et al.

MATERIALS & DESIGN (2016)

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Formation and reduction of hydrogen porosity during selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg

Christian Weingarten et al.

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Processing AlSi10Mg by selective laser melting: parameter optimisation and material characterisation

K. Kempen et al.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Investigation on reducing distortion by preheating during manufacture of aluminum components using selective laser melting

Damien Buchbinder et al.

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Plastic Strain Mapping with Sub-micron Resolution Using Digital Image Correlation

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EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS (2013)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Electron Tomography in the (S)TEM: From Nanoscale Morphological Analysis to 3D Atomic Imaging

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 42 (2012)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms

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INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS (2012)

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Very high cycle fatigue - Is there a fatigue limit?

B. Pyttel et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE (2011)

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The conflicts between strength and toughness

Robert O. Ritchie

NATURE MATERIALS (2011)

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Relationship between Fracture Toughness and Tensile Properties of A357 Cast Aluminum Alloy

N. D. Alexopoulos et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE (2009)

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Development of patterns for digital image correlation measurements at reduced length scales

W. A. Scrivens et al.

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

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CS Han et al.

JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS (2005)

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CS Han et al.

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Damage initiation in model metallic materials:: X-ray tomography and modelling

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A conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity

Y Huang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY (2004)

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