4.7 Article

CD8 T cells contribute to vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron

Alison Tarke et al.

Summary: T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants, while memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies show significant decreases. The majority of memory T cell responses are preserved against variants, with lower recognition of Omicron by memory B cells.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Jinyan Liu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that cellular immunity induced by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is highly conserved to the Omicron spike protein. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines showed durable spike-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses that were cross-reactive to both the Delta and Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations.

NATURE (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ancestral SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-recognize the Omicron variant

Yu Gao et al.

Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Omicron Variant in South Africa

Shirley Collie et al.

Summary: Preliminary data from a test-negative study design in South Africa showed that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine had an efficacy of 50 to 70% against hospitalization caused by the omicron variant in Gauteng province.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization after mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination

Rolando Pajon et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immune correlates analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy clinical trial

Peter B. Gilbert et al.

Summary: In the COVE phase 3 clinical trial, neutralizing and binding antibodies were measured in vaccine recipients to determine their correlation with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that these immune markers were inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. Postvaccination neutralization titers of 10, 100, and 1000 correlated with estimated vaccine efficacies of 78%, 91%, and 96% respectively.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Cell Biology

A homologous or variant booster vaccine after Ad26.COV2.S immunization enhances SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in rhesus macaques

Xuan He et al.

Summary: This study found that single-shot Ad26.COV2.S immunization in rhesus macaques resulted in durable immune responses, including binding and neutralizing antibodies, memory B cells, and long-lasting plasma cells. Boosting with Ad26.COV2.S or Ad26.COV2.S.351 significantly increased the humoral and cellular immune responses, which were highly cross-reactive against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. The modified Ad26.COV2.S.351 vaccine showed slightly higher immune responses against specific variants.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Immunology

Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients

Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that vaccinated individuals retain T cell immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, despite low levels of neutralizing antibodies. Booster vaccinations can partially restore cross-neutralization of the Omicron variant.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike cross-recognize Omicron

Roanne Keeton et al.

Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.

NATURE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection by a Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 against Omicron in Israel

Yinon M. Bar-On et al.

Summary: After administering the fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine to individuals aged 60 years and older during the period when the omicron variant was predominant, Israel observed lower rates of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe Covid-19 compared to those who received only three doses. The protection against severe illness remained consistent, while the protection against confirmed infection decreased over time.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

Ori Magen et al.

Summary: The use of a fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in Israel starting on January 3, 2022, has shown significant reductions in infection rate, symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and Covid-19-related deaths by February 18.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Alessandro Sette et al.

Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.
Article Virology

Comparison of Subgenomic and Total RNA in SARS-CoV-2-Challenged Rhesus Macaques

Gabriel Dagotto et al.

Summary: Respiratory virus challenge studies aim to differentiate actively replicating virus from input challenge virus in the same anatomical locations. This study explores the potential utility of using subgenomic RNA to monitor actively replicating virus of SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection

Jennifer M. Dan et al.

Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.

SCIENCE (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Differential Kinetics of Immune Responses Elicited by Covid-19 Vaccines

Ai-ris Y. Collier et al.

Summary: The kinetics of immune response to Covid-19 vaccines were studied, showing varying peak levels and durations of response for different vaccines. However, the response levels correlating with protection have not been defined yet.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Virology

Coronavirus-Specific Antibody Cross Reactivity in Rhesus Macaques following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection

Catherine Jacob-Dolan et al.

Summary: This study defines the serum profiles in rhesus macaques after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, showing robust reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein but reduced cross reactivity to other coronaviruses. Neutralizing antibody responses were predominantly SARS-CoV-2 specific, highlighting the similarities between infection and vaccine-induced immunity for SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Rishi R. Goel et al.

Summary: This study found that immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants remains robust for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination, with antibodies declining but still detectable in most individuals. mRNA vaccines also induced functional memory B cells and antigen-specific T cells, with recall responses primarily increasing antibody levels in individuals with preexisting immunity.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Immunology

Immunogenicity and efficacy of one and two doses of Ad26.COV2.S COVID vaccine in adult and aged NHP

Laura Solforosi et al.

Summary: A two-dose regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine induced higher antibody responses in aged NHPs and provided better protection against SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing antibody responses remained stable for at least 14 weeks in one-dose regimens, indicating good durability.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Virology

Deletion of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Cytoplasmic Tail Increases Infectivity in Pseudovirus Neutralization Assays

Jingyou Yu et al.

Summary: The study outlines a method to generate a highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus for evaluating humoral immunity, antibody therapeutics, and vaccines. The SDCT13-based pseudovirus neutralization assay exhibits key characteristics including linearity, limit of detection, and assay precision. This assay is adaptable for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and crucial for the development of vaccines and immune-based therapeutics.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Low-dose Ad26.COV2.S protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques

Xuan He et al.

Summary: The study showed that a relatively low dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine effectively protected rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, although a higher dose may be required for protection in the upper respiratory tract.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Protective efficacy of Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 in macaques

Jingyou Yu et al.

Summary: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine provides robust protection against the B.1.351 variant in rhesus macaques, despite generating lower neutralizing antibodies against B.1.351 compared to the WA1/2020 strain.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in humans

Galit Alter et al.

Summary: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine has shown clinical efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, including the B.1.351 variant, but there is uncertainty regarding its immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The study found that neutralizing antibody responses were reduced against the B.1.351 and P.1 variants, while non-neutralizing antibody responses and T cell responses were largely preserved against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Noe B. Mercado et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody and TLR7 agonist delay viral rebound in SHIV-infected monkeys

Erica N. Borducchi et al.

NATURE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Early antibody therapy can induce long-lasting immunity to SHIV

Yoshiaki Nishimura et al.

NATURE (2017)