Journal
CANCERS
Volume 14, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122928
Keywords
colorectal cancer; drug resistance; chemotherapeutic agents; molecularly targeted therapy; immunotherapy; reversal strategies
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81970500, 81870393]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy have shown promising results in improving prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has also significantly enhanced patient outcomes. However, drug resistance remains a major challenge, with mechanisms including aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation, target, cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways, and tumor immune microenvironment playing crucial roles. Further research into these mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic interventions.
Simple Summary Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy could improve the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Recently, immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has significantly improved the prognosis of some patients. However, drug resistance significantly reduces the usefulness of these drugs. Although research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the emergence of drug resistance is ongoing, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This article reviews the findings on the mechanisms of drug resistance in CRC patients in preclinical and clinical studies, which may provide valuable directions for future in-depth study of drug resistance. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is 90% for patients with early CRC, 70% for patients with locally advanced CRC, and 15% for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In fact, most CRC patients are at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Although chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival, some patients are initially insensitive to these drugs or initially sensitive but quickly become insensitive, and the emergence of such primary and secondary drug resistance is a significant clinical challenge. The most direct cause of resistance is the aberrant anti-tumor drug metabolism, transportation or target. With more in-depth research, it is found that cell death pathways, carcinogenic signals, compensation feedback loop signal pathways and tumor immune microenvironment also play essential roles in the drug resistance mechanism. Here, we assess the current major mechanisms of CRC resistance and describe potential therapeutic interventions.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available