Journal
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
Volume 9, Issue 16, Pages 14563-14571Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3067876
Keywords
Heart rate variability; Electrocardiography; Medical diagnostic imaging; Rhythm; Tools; Standards; Heart beat; 5G-enabled Medical Internet of Things; arrhythmia (ARR); convolutional neural network (CNN); heart rate variability (HRV); long short-term memory (LSTM) network; RR wave signals
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Funding
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [19ZR1446000]
- Science and Technology Committee of Minhang District [2017MHZ72, 2019MHZ021]
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Arrhythmia (ARR) is a serious condition that affects the safety of human life. Current diagnosis methods using electrocardiograms (ECGs) by experts are inefficient. In this study, a deep learning model combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network was used to accurately classify normal sinus intervals and ARR intervals with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, demonstrating potential value in clinical applications.
Arrhythmia (ARR) is the defective origin and conduction of heart activity leading to an abnormal frequency and rhythm of heartbeats. ARR can cause chest tightness, weakness, sinoatrial node blockages, tachycardia and even sudden death. ARR, therefore, seriously affects the safety of human life. An electrocardiogram (ECG) can record the changes in electrical activity produced in each heartbeat cycle. Due to its simplicity and noninvasiveness, ECGs are used clinically to diagnose ARRs. However, the diagnosis of ARR by experts is an inefficient diagnostic method. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a common method for analyzing heart-related diseases, especially for the automatic diagnosis of ARR based on RR intervals. In this article, we extracted the linear and nonlinear characteristics collected from the 5G-enabled Medical Internet of Things to construct a time-frequency spectrogram from HRV sequences and used a deep learning model based on the combination of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network in order to classify normal sinus intervals and ARR intervals. The average accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of this model were 99.06%, 98.29%, and 99.73%, respectively, using a tenfold cross validation strategy. The united CNN-LSTM model can accurately detect ARR and has potential value in clinical applications.
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