Persons with patellofemoral pain exhibit altered hip abductor muscle recruitment while performing hip abductor exercises

Introduction Strengthening of the hip abductors has been advocated for persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP). It is not clear if these individuals activate the hip abductor muscles appropriately to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. Objective To compare activation of the hip abductor muscles between persons with and without PFP during the performance of hip abductor exercises. Methods Thirty-two individuals participated (12 with PFP and 20 without PFP). The average age (+/- standard deviation) was 29.7 +/- 5.9 years for the PFP group and 28.1 +/- 6.9 for the control group. Electromyographic (EMG) signals from the gluteus medius (GMED), superior gluteus maximus (SUP-GMAX), and tensor fascia lata (TFL) were obtained using fine-wire electrodes while participants performed 11 different exercises. Normalized EMG activity of each muscle was compared between groups across all exercises. Results When averaged across all exercises, persons with PFP exhibited significantly greater EMG activity of TFL (mean = 25.3% MVIC; 95% CI = 19.2, 31.3) compared to those without PFP (mean = 17.6% MVIC; 95% CI = 12.8, 22.4) and significantly lower EMG activity of SUP-GMAX (mean = 16.4% MVIC; 95% CI = 11.0, 22.0) compared to those without PFP (mean = 25.4% MVIC; 95% CI = 21.0, 29.8). Persons with PFP exhibited lower EMG activity of GMED, but only for 3 out of the 11 exercises evaluated (hip abduction, hip hike, step-up). Conclusion Compared to persons without PFP, those with PFP exhibited activation differences during the performance of exercises used to target the hip abductors. Our results highlight the need for activation training prior to the initiation of strengthening exercises to achieve desired therapeutic effects.

Automated summary

This study compared the activation of hip abductor muscles between individuals with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP) during exercises. The results showed differences in muscle activation among individuals with PFP, highlighting the importance of activation training prior to strengthening exercises.