HIV, chemsex, and the need for harm-reduction interventions to support gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men

Numerous studies have identified an association between the use of drugs in sexual contexts (chemsex) and HIV among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), although whether a causal relationship exists is contentious. An intricate relationship exists between chemsex, HIV treatment and prevention, harm reduction, and the provision of community-grounded health services. Furthermore, potential harms exist beyond HIV, such as intoxication and overdose. Community-engaged responses to chemsex involve social and cultural strategies of harm reduction and sexual health promotion before, during, and after a chemsex session. Ultimately, this Review calls for actions and collaborations aimed at developing a greater understanding of chemsex as a practice within different GBMSM subpopulations and to develop tailored harm-reduction models that can accommodate GBMSM who engage in chemsex in various ways and with varied effects.

Automated summary

Numerous studies have found an association between the use of drugs in sexual contexts and HIV among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). The relationship between chemsex, HIV treatment and prevention, harm reduction, and community health services is complex. In addition to HIV, there are potential harms such as intoxication and overdose. The review calls for greater understanding of chemsex within different GBMSM subpopulations and the development of tailored harm reduction models.