Metabolite profile of COVID-19 revealed by UPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics

Review Food Science & Technology

Role of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids in intestinal innate immunity

Ningning Huang et al.

Summary: ARA plays a significant role in growth and development, while its release can lead to the production of eicosanoids, which have various physiological functions.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The serum amino acid profile in COVID-19

Alptug Atila et al.

Summary: The study aimed to compare the amino acid profile of COVID-19 patients with healthy subjects, finding significant differences in 20 amino acids in COVID-19 patients, with the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), l-2-aminobutyric acid, and l-phenylalanine potentially serving as biomarkers for COVID-19. It was also concluded that l-2-aminobutyric acid could provide prognostic information about the disease progression.

AMINO ACIDS (2021)

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Article Virology

Understanding the pathophysiological changes via untargeted metabolomics in COVID-19 patients

Halef O. Dogan et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients and healthy controls exhibit significant differences in metabolites such as purine, glutamine, leukotriene D4, and glutathione metabolism, suggesting their roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Targeting these pathways with therapeutic approaches like selective leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists and glutamine supplementation may reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of COVID-19 Global Metabolomics Datasets

Zhiqiang Pang et al.

Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of global metabolomics datasets from three countries to identify key metabolic signatures characterizing COVID-19 disease progression and clinical outcomes, providing important insights for clinical care and therapeutics development.

METABOLITES (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

The coronavirus is here to stay - here's what that means

Nicky Phillips

Summary: Scientists expect the virus that causes COVID-19 to become endemic and pose less danger over time, according to a Nature survey.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Amino acid sensing pathway: A major check point in the pathogenesis of obesity and COVID-19

Aradhana Mariam Philips et al.

Summary: Obesity and related comorbidities may increase the susceptibility and mortality of COVID-19. Excess nutrition and amino acid profile during obesity are associated with inflammation and viral replication. Activation of the amino acid sensing pathway may help reduce the risk of viral infections.

OBESITY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Immunology

Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic

Kelvin Kai-Wang To et al.

Summary: The lack of modern medical management and vaccines could lead to the COVID-19 pandemic reaching the levels of past deadly outbreaks like the 1894 plague and 1918-A(H1N1) influenza pandemic. The presence of multiple coronaviruses with pandemic potential in animals, coupled with environmental factors like the mixing and selling of wild mammals with poor hygiene practices in urban markets, pose a significant threat to global health. The emergence of new viruses and the challenges of mass testing, contact tracing, treatment, and potential development of vaccine-resistant virus variants highlight the importance of global preparedness in combating infectious diseases.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

The role of iron in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible treatment with lactoferrin and other iron chelators

Hosam M. Habib et al.

Summary: Iron overload is increasingly seen as a contributor to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, triggering inflammation, hypercoagulation, hyperferritinemia, and immune dysfunction. Iron chelators, including the naturally occurring lactoferrin, may hold therapeutic value in COVID-19 by modulating the immune response and blocking the entry of coronaviruses into host cells.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Is Ferroptosis a Key Component of the Process Leading to Multiorgan Damage in COVID-19?

Anna Maria Fratta Pasini et al.

Summary: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its potential relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection and multiorgan damage is crucial. By investigating interventions that combat ferroptosis, it may be possible to reduce the risk of multiorgan damage caused by COVID-19.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Metabolomics analysis reveals a modified amino acid metabolism that correlates with altered oxygen homeostasis in COVID-19 patients

Jose C. Paez-Franco et al.

Summary: Using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, we identified significant changes in serum metabolites associated with severe and mild COVID-19 patients, particularly in altered amino acid catabolism. The study found that three alpha-hydroxyl acids of amino acid origin increased with disease severity, correlating with changes in oxygen saturation levels and clinical markers of lung damage. The conversion of alpha-keto acids to alpha-hydroxyl acids is suggested to play a role in maintaining NAD recycling in patients with altered oxygen levels during SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the potential importance of amino acid supplementation.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

SARS-CoV-2 suppresses mRNA expression of selenoproteins associated with ferroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA synthesis

Yijun Wang et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly suppressed the expression of a specific set of selenoprotein mRNAs in Vero cells, particularly affecting selenoproteins related to ferroptosis, DNA synthesis, and endoplasmic reticulum function.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 infection, progression, and vaccination: Focus on obesity and related metabolic disturbances

Annemarie J. F. Westheim et al.

Summary: Obesity and related metabolic disturbances increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to COVID-19 complications and poor prognosis. Monitoring long-term COVID-19 vaccination efficacy in this vulnerable group is crucial.

OBESITY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Altered amino acid profile in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Chris A. Rees et al.

Summary: The study found that plasma arginine bioavailability was lower in adults and children with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls, potentially contributing to immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction. The low arginine-to-ornithine ratio in patients with COVID-19 suggests increased arginase activity. Further research is needed to explore the role of arginine dysregulation in COVID-19.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of arachidonic cascade in COVID-19 infection: A review

Md. Abdur Rahman Ripon et al.

PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Targeted metabolomics identifies high performing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19

Yamile Lopez-Hernandez et al.

Summary: Research using targeted metabolomics identified potential biomarkers for predicting the course of COVID-19, with panels including specific metabolites showing promising results in distinguishing different patient groups. If further studies confirm the diagnostic value of these plasma biomarkers, they could be used in clinical practice.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

Bei Wang et al.

Summary: The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway is crucial in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and various inflammatory diseases, producing bioactive mediators that are potential targets for cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological importance of AA metabolizing pathways, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its actions in CVD and cancer progression. Additionally, clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in different disease conditions are introduced to explore the role of AA metabolism and potential therapies.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Emerging treatment strategies for COVID-19 infection

Maria Gavriatopoulou et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is a novel emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 originating from Wuhan, China and has led to a worldwide pandemic. The typical manifestations include fever, sore throat, and dyspnea, with supportive care being the current standard of treatment as effective antiviral options are still lacking.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine