3D structures inferred from cDNA clones identify the CD1D-Restricted γδ T cell receptor in dromedaries

The Camelidae species occupy an important immunological niche within the humoral as well as cell mediated immune response. Although recent studies have highlighted that the somatic hypermutation (SHM) shapes the T cell receptor gamma (TRG) and delta (TRD) repertoire in Camelus dromedarius, it is still unclear how gamma delta T cells use the TRG/TRD receptors and their respective variable V-GAMMA and V-DELTA domains to recognize antigen in an antibody-like fashion. Here we report about 3D structural analyses of the human and dromedary gamma delta T cell receptor. First, we have estimated the interaction energies at the interface within the human crystallized paired TRG/TRD chains and quantified interaction energies within the same human TRG/TRD chains in complex with the CD1D, an RPI-MH1-LIKE antigen presenting glycoprotein. Then, we used the human TRG/TRD-CD1D complex as template for the 3D structure of the dromedary TRG/TRD-CD1D complex and for guiding the 3D human/dromedary comparative analysis. The choice of mutated TRG alternatively combined with mutated TRD cDNA clones originating from the spleen of one single dromedary was crucial to quantify the strength of the interactions at the protein-protein interface between the paired C. dromedarius TRG and TRD V-domains and between the C. dromedarius TRG/TRD V-domains and CD1D G-domains. Interacting amino acids located in the V-domain Complementarity Determining Regions (CDR) and Framework Regions (FR) according to the IMGT unique numbering for V-domains were identified. The resulting 3D dromedary TRG V-GAMMA combined with TRD V-DELTA protein complexes allowed to deduce the most stable gamma/delta chains pairings and to propose a candidate CD1D-restricted gamma delta T cell receptor complex.

Automated summary

This study investigates the 3D structure of human and dromedary γδ T cell receptors to understand how they recognize antigen in an antibody-like fashion. The results show that the interactions between the V domains of TRG and TRD, as well as between the V domains and CD1D G domains, are stable.