The Advances of Immersive Virtual Reality Interventions for the Enhancement of Stress Management and Relaxation among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

The rapid changes in human contacts due to the COVID-19 crisis have not only posed a huge burden on the population's health but may have also increased the demand for evidence-based psychological programs delivered through digital technology. A systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was therefore conducted to explore the advances in stress management interventions utilizing VR and suggest up-to-date directions for future practice. The relevant literature was screened and the search resulted in 22,312 records, of which 16 studies were considered for analysis. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was also employed to assess the quality of the included studies. The results suggest that VR-based interventions can facilitate positive changes in subjective stress levels and stress-related biomarkers. However, special attention should be paid to the development of rigorous VR protocols that embrace natural elements and concepts deriving from traditional treatment approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. Overall, this review aims to empower future researchers to grasp the opportunity that the COVID-19 pandemic generated and utilize digital technologies for strengthening individuals' mental health. Future projects need to conduct large-scale VR studies to evaluate their effectiveness compared to other mental health interventions.

Automated summary

The rapid changes in human contacts due to the COVID-19 crisis have increased the demand for evidence-based psychological programs delivered digitally. This systematic review examines stress management interventions utilizing virtual reality and suggests future directions for practice. The results show that VR-based interventions can positively impact stress levels and stress-related biomarkers. However, the development of rigorous VR protocols that incorporate elements from traditional treatment approaches is crucial. Large-scale VR studies are needed to evaluate their effectiveness compared to other mental health interventions.