Journal
3 BIOTECH
Volume 12, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03269-1
Keywords
LC-qTOF-MS analysis; Metabolic adaptation; Amino acids; Grouper; Vibriosis
Categories
Funding
- Center for Research and Instrumentation Management (CRIM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
- Research Instrumentation Funds [PIP-2010, PIP-2013]
- Research University Grant [GUP-2017-073]
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [DIP-2015-024]
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This study focused on the metabolic adaptation of grouper fingerlings against Vibrio infection. Through metabolite profiling, highly abundant amino acids in survived-infected gills (glutamine, alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) and livers (aspartic acid and leucine) were identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the involvement of these amino acids in immune-related pathways.
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is economically crucial to various Southeast Asia countries where they are reared in fish farms to meet the demand for supply. However, a systemic infectious disease known as vibriosis has steadily and extensively affected the fish farming industry. The disease is caused by Vibrio spp., which are pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. This study focused on understanding the host's metabolic adaptation against Vibrio vulnificus infection, which features a survival phenotype, by profiling the metabolites in grouper fingerlings that survived the experimental infection. Mapping of the pathways is crucial to explain the roles of metabolites in fish immunity. A solvent extraction method was used on the grouper's immune organs (gills, liver and spleen) prior to Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS) analysis. The metabolites identified in fingerlings that survived experimental infections were mostly amino acids (primary metabolites). Glutamine (0.44%), alanine (0.68%), phenylalanine (2.63%) and tyrosine (2.60%) were highly abundant in survived-infected gills. Aspartic acid (13.57%) and leucine (4.01%) were highly abundant in the livers of the survived-infected fish and lysine was highly abundant in both gills (2.94%) and liver (3.64%) of the survived-infected fish. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed the involvement of the identified functional amino acids in various immune-related pathways. The current findings facilitate the comprehension of the metabolic adaptation of grouper fingerlings that exhibited a survival phenotype against Vibrio infection.
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