4.3 Article

Response to COVID-19 booster vaccinations in seronegative people with multiple sclerosis

Journal

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
Volume 64, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103937

Keywords

Multiple sclerosis (MS); COVID-19; Vaccination; Disease modifying therapies (DMTs); Immune response

Funding

  1. BMA Foundation for Medical Research (Vera Down award)
  2. BRAIN Unit Infrastructure Award [UA05]
  3. Welsh Government through Health and Care Research Wales
  4. QMUL - Merck Serono Ltd.
  5. Feltham, UK
  6. Barts Charity
  7. Cardiff and Vale UHB and Cardiff University
  8. Merck Serono Ltd.
  9. MS community

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This study investigated the immune response of multiple sclerosis patients after receiving COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that approximately one third of the patients seroconverted after receiving the third vaccine, indicating the benefit of boosters in this group. Nearly 80% of the patients had a measurable immune response after the third vaccine.
Background: People with MS treated with anti-CD20 therapies and fingolimod often have attenuated responses to initial COVID-19 vaccination. However, uncertainties remain about the benefit of a 3rd (booster) COVID-19 vaccine in this group. Methods: PwMS without a detectable IgG response following COVID-19 vaccines 1 & 2 were invited to participate. Participants provided a dried blood spot +/-venous blood sample 2-12 weeks following COVID-19 vaccine 3. Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid antigen were measured. Results: Of 81 participants, 79 provided a dried blood spot sample, of whom 38 also provided a whole blood sample; 2 provided only whole blood. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG seroconversion post-COVID-19 vaccine 3 occurred in 26/79 (33%) participants; 26/40 (65%) had positive T-cell responses. Overall, 31/40 (78%) demonstrated either humoral or cellular immune response post-COVID-19 vaccine 3. There was no association between laboratory evidence of prior COVID-19 and seroconversion following vaccine 3. Conclusions: Approximately one third of pwMS who were seronegative after initial COVID-19 vaccination seroconverted after booster (third) vaccination, supporting the use of boosters in this group. Almost 8 out of 10 had a measurable immune response following 3rd COVID-19 vaccine.

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