4.2 Article

Solar and lunar daily geomagnetic variations and their equivalent current systems observed by Swarm

Journal

EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE
Volume 74, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1186/s40623-022-01656-9

Keywords

Geomagnetic field; Sq; L; Daily variation; Ionospheric currents; Swarm

Funding

  1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [YA-574-3-1]

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This paper describes the solar and lunar daily variations of the geomagnetic field in low- and mid-latitude regions using data from the Swarm satellites. The study finds that these variations are mainly of internal origin and can be attributed to ionospheric dynamo currents and induced underground currents. The global patterns of the internal solar and lunar current systems are consistent with previous ground observations.
This paper describes solar and lunar daily variations of the geomagnetic field over low- and mid-latitude regions, using vector magnetometer data from Swarm satellites at altitudes of similar to 500 km during the solar minimum years of 2017-2020. The average solar variation of the geomagnetic field is within the range of +/- 14 nT, while the lunar variation is within +/- 2 nT. The latter is comparable to the ocean tidal field. A spherical harmonic analysis is performed on the solar and lunar variations to evaluate their internal and external equivalent current systems. The results show that both the solar and lunar variations are mainly of internal origin, which can be attributed to combined effects of ionospheric dynamo currents and induced underground currents. Global patterns of the internal solar and lunar current systems are consistent with the corresponding external current systems previously reported based on ground observations. The Swarm external currents are mainly in the meridional direction, and are likely associated with interhemispheric field-aligned currents. Both the internal and external current systems depend on the season and longitude.

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