Serum polyethylene glycol-specific IgE and IgG in patients with hypersensitivity to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

Review Allergy

Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Systemic Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis)

Priya Sellaturay et al.

Summary: This study reports 5 cases of confirmed PEG allergy, with most cases related to medications containing PEGs. Skin tests showed positive reactions in 3 cases, with 2 cases experiencing allergic reactions following the intradermal test.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2021)

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Editorial Material Allergy

Allergic reactions to the first COVID-19 vaccine: A potential role of polyethylene glycol?

Beatriz Cabanillas et al.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Allergy

Clinical manifestations and impact on daily life of allergy to polyethylene glycol (PEG) in ten patients

Maria A. Bruusgaard-Mouritsen et al.

Summary: Research findings indicate that most patients with PEG allergies have experienced severe allergic reactions, but these reactions did not recur after diagnosis. Diagnosis has a positive impact on patients' quality of life, but many patients experienced multiple reactions before being diagnosed.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Tom Shimabukuro et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been shown to have an acceptable safety profile and effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19, with higher efficacy observed in the group that received a low dose followed by a standard dose.

LANCET (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Maintaining Safety with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Mariana C. Castells et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Allergy

mRNA Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19 Disease and Reported Allergic Reactions: Current Evidence and Suggested Approach

Aleena Banerji et al.

Summary: The FDA has authorized emergency use of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, but individuals with severe allergic reactions are advised against receiving them. The CDC recommends observing those with a history of immediate allergies or anaphylaxis for 30 minutes post-vaccination, while all others should be observed for 15 minutes.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2021)

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Review Allergy

Allergenic components of the mRNA-1273 vaccine for COVID-19: Possible involvement of polyethylene glycol and IgG-mediated complement activation

Ludger Klimek et al.

Summary: Following the emergency use authorization of the mRNA-1273 vaccine, two mRNA vaccines have been used to prevent COVID-19, but reports of allergic reactions have surfaced in the UK, Canada, and the US. The culprit may be the PEG-2000 contained in both vaccines as a potential trigger.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

PEG That Reaction: A Case Series of Allergy to Polyethylene Glycol

Fionnuala Cox et al.

Summary: This study presents 6 cases of acute hypersensitivity to PEG, all female with an average age of 36.4 years. Biphasic allergic reactions were prominent in these cases, and diagnosis relied on a high index of suspicion and focused clinical history.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Allergy

Skin tests in urticaria/angioedema and flushing to Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: Limits of intradermal testing

Leonardo Bianchi et al.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Polyethylene glycol and polysorbate skin testing in the evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine reactions

Mitchell M. Pitlick et al.

ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Allergy

Primary care provider-reported prevalence of vaccine and polyethylene glycol allergy in Canada

Elissa M. Abrams et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCP-documented vaccine and PEG allergy in a national cohort using electronic medical record data. The results revealed a low reported rate of vaccine allergy and PEG allergy, with patients having these allergies more likely to have other atopic comorbidities and higher rates of depression and anxiety.

ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Allergy

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a cause of anaphylaxis to the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

Priya Sellaturay et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Allergy

Potential mechanisms of anaphylaxis to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

Kimberly A. Risma et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid production of messenger RNA vaccines packaged in lipid nanoparticles, resulting in unexpectedly severe allergic reactions. Various factors have been considered as possible contributors to these reactions, including nucleic acid activation of the contact system and preexisting antibody recognition of polyethylene glycol on the nanoparticle surface. Further research and clinical trials are needed to address concerns and determine the applicability of testing methods in predicting and understanding vaccine-related allergic reactions.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Allergy

Basophil reactivity to BNT162b2 is mediated by PEGylated lipid nanoparticles in patients with PEG allergy

Alexander Troelnikov et al.

Summary: Patients with a history of PEG allergy showed positive skin test results after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, while traditional PEG skin testing yielded negative results for 2 out of 3 patients. One patient exhibited cross-reactivity to PEG and polysorbate, leading to co-sensitization to both the BNT162b2 and AZD1222 vaccines.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Allergy

Allergy to COVID-19 vaccines: A current update

Beatriz Cabanillas et al.

Summary: This passage discusses adverse allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on anaphylactic reactions following the administration of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding vaccination for individuals with allergies to drugs or vaccine components.

ALLERGOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Letter Allergy

Anti-PEG IgE in anaphylaxis associated with polyethylene glycol

Zhao-Hua Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2021)

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Letter Allergy

Anaphylaxis to the first dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Don't give up on the second dose!

Matthew S. Krantz et al.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Non-IgE mediated allergy associated with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine excipient polyethylene glycol

Shirley Y. Jiang et al.

ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Cumulative Adverse Event Reporting of Anaphylaxis After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) Injections in Japan: The First-Month Report

Toyotaka Iguchi et al.

Summary: Since the vaccination program for COVID-19 started in Japan in February 2021, 578,835 doses have been administered to health professionals, with 181 suspected cases of anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid symptoms reported. Most of these cases involved women.

DRUG SAFETY (2021)

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Article Allergy

First-Dose mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Allergic Reactions: Limited Role for Excipient Skin Testing

Anna R. Wolfson et al.

Summary: Most patients with reported allergic reactions to the first dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines can safely receive the second dose after excipient skin testing, even if the results are positive. Some patients may require antihistamine medication or even epinephrine treatment.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Assessment of Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines With Confirmatory Testing in a US Regional Health System

Christopher Michael Warren et al.

Summary: This study analyzed 22 patients with suspected allergic reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, indicating a potential non-IgE mediated immune response to PEG in most individuals. Women and those with a history of allergic reactions may have an elevated risk of mRNA vaccine allergy.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Letter Allergy