Technology and Applications of Micro-LEDs: Their Characteristics, Fabrication, Advancement, and Challenges

Micro-light-emitting diodes (mu LEDs) are getting much attention in display industry because of their outstanding optical and electrical characteristics. mu LEDs have several advantages over liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). mu LEDs are showing long lifetimes, high reliability, high power efficiencies, high brightness, and fast response times with tiny pixels. However, for commercial usage, the high production cost and low external quantum efficiency (EQE) are the major hurdles. In this review, we briefly discuss the breakthroughs in mu LED technology, fabrication methods, optical/electrical characteristics, and challenges for display applications. In addition, the development of monolithic mu LEDs and general device characteristics combined with various quantum dot patterning processes are systematically discussed. Potential solutions to address these challenges are also presented case by case.

Automated summary

Micro-light-emitting diodes (mu LEDs) are gaining significant attention in the display industry due to their exceptional optical and electrical characteristics. However, the high production cost and low external quantum efficiency (EQE) are major obstacles for their commercial usage. This article discusses the breakthroughs in mu LED technology, fabrication methods, optical/electrical characteristics, and challenges for display applications, offering potential solutions to address these challenges.