Ecological Approaches to Textile Dyeing: A Review

Conventional dyeing processes currently practiced in the textile industry have a great environmental impact, mainly in relation to the quantity and pollution of water, use of toxic chemicals, atmospheric emissions, and high energy consumption. This study aims to discuss the relationship between the variables that involve conventional dyeing processes and environmental issues. It presents the mapping of the materials and emerging technologies for ecological coloration, specifically for the pretreatment and dyeing stages. Regarding pretreatment, it discusses biochemical (enzymes) and physical treatment (ultraviolet radiation, plasma, and ozone technology) approaches. With respect to the dyeing processes, it addresses ecological materials (natural dyes) and emerging technologies (such as plasma, supercritical CO2, AirDye (R), ultrasonic, microwave, Nano-Dye (TM), and electrochemical). Given the importance of ecological coloration, this study provides important reflections on the urgency of resolving issues related to barriers and economic viability in the implementation of the alternatives presented and demonstrates the need to develop educational projects to prepare fashion and textile professionals.

Automated summary

This study discusses the relationship between conventional dyeing processes and environmental issues, and presents new materials and technologies for ecological coloration. It addresses pretreatment methods such as biochemical and physical treatments, and dyeing processes using ecological materials and emerging technologies. The study emphasizes the urgency of resolving barriers and improving economic viability, as well as the need for educational projects to train professionals in the fashion and textile industry.