Journal
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 228, Issue 3, Pages R97-R106Publisher
BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-15-0447
Keywords
glucose metabolism; insulin action; metabolism; liver
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Funding
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R00DK085142, R01DK107641]
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Metformin is a first-line oral anti-diabetic agent that has been used clinically to treat patients with type 2 diabetes for over 60 years. Due to its efficacy in therapy and affordable price, metformin is taken by more than 150 million people each year. Metformin improves hyperglycemia mainly through the suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis along with the improvement of insulin signaling. However, its mechanism of action remains partially understood and controversial, especially in regard to the role of AMPK in metformin's action and the mechanism of AMPK activation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of metformin's suppression of hepatic glucose production and the mechanism related to the improvement of insulin signaling.
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