Polyakov model in 't Hooft flux background: a quantum mechanical reduction with memory

We construct a compactification of Polyakov model on T-2 x R down to quantum mechanics which remembers non-perturbative aspects of field theory even at an arbitrarily small area. Standard compactification on small T-2 x R possesses a unique perturbative vacuum (zero magnetic flux state), separated parametrically from higher flux states, and the instanton effects do not survive in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. By turning on a background magnetic GNO flux in co-weight lattice corresponding to a non-zero 't Hooft flux, we show that N-degenerate vacua appear at small torus, and there are N - 1 types of flux changing instantons between them. We construct QM instantons starting with QFT instantons using the method of replicas. For example, SU(2) gauge theory with flux reduces to the double-well potential where each well is a fractional flux state. Despite the absence of a mixed anomaly, the vacuum structure of QFT and the one of QM are continuously connected. We also compare the quantum mechanical reduction of the Polyakov model with the deformed Yang-Mills, by coupling both theories to TQFTs. In particular, we compare the mass spectrum for dual photons and energy spectrum in the QM limit. We give a detailed description of critical points at infinity in the semi-classical expansion, and their role in resurgence structure.

Automated summary

In this study, we construct a compactification of the Polyakov model to quantum mechanics on T-2 x R, which retains the non-perturbative aspects of field theory even at small areas. By introducing a background magnetic flux, we observe the appearance of N-degenerate vacua and flux changing instantons on the small torus. The reduction of the Polyakov model to quantum mechanics is compared with deformed Yang-Mills, and critical points at infinity in the semiclassical expansion are discussed.