Vaccine-associated enhanced disease in humans and animal models: Lessons and challenges for vaccine development

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Sandile Cele et al.

Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A humanized mouse model of chronic COVID-19

Esen Sefik et al.

Summary: This study introduces a humanized mouse model of COVID-19 that replicates the immune response and pathological features of the infection, providing a valuable tool for investigating disease mechanisms and treatment options.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Third BNT162b2 Vaccination Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection

Ital Nemet et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Catherine J. Reynolds et al.

Summary: The study found that the initial strain of SARS-CoV-2 infection's impact on downstream immunity to heterologous variants of concern (VOCs) is unknown. After three antigen exposures, neutralization potency against different VOCs changed, and serology poorly predicted neutralizing immunity. Heterologous combinations of spike encountered during infection and vaccination shape subsequent cross-protection against VOCs.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A lethal mouse model for evaluating vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection

Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa et al.

Summary: This study established a lethal animal model using BALB/c mice and a mouse-passaged isolate from a European lineage of SARS-CoV-2. The model demonstrated the characteristics of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection, including eosinophilic immunopathology and insufficient neutralizing antibodies. Immunization with recombinant spike protein without appropriate adjuvant caused T(H)2-shifted immune response and lack of neutralizing antibodies in adult BALB/c mice.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses and T cell reactivity against prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants

Ruediger Gross et al.

Summary: According to a study on a cohort of individuals who received heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 vaccination, the regimen induced potent humoral and cellular immune responses, with strong neutralization of the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results suggest that this heterologous vaccination regimen is at least as immunogenic and protective as homologous vaccinations and also offers protection against current variants of concern.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology

Esen Sefik et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that lung-resident human macrophages play a critical role in the development of lung inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Macrophages activate inflammasomes, release inflammatory cytokines, and undergo pyroptosis in response to infection, contributing to the hyperinflammatory state in the lungs. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway reverses chronic lung pathology, indicating the importance of inflammasome activation in lung inflammation.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

FcγR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation

Caroline Junqueira et al.

Summary: This study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection in monocytes and macrophages, mediated by antibody uptake, triggers inflammatory cell death and systemic inflammation, which prevents the production of infectious virus but contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge in young adults

Ben Killingley et al.

Summary: This study establishes a new SARS-CoV-2 human challenge model and investigates the viral kinetics during primary infection. The findings have implications for public health recommendations and strategies to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Understanding COVID-19 through human challenge models

Kathryn M. Edwards et al.

Summary: As the pandemic progresses, conducting field studies becomes increasingly challenging, but human challenge models could serve as a practical and timely solution.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the United States: observational study

Amitabh Bipin Suthar et al.

Summary: Increasing vaccination coverage was associated with lower rates of population level covid-19 mortality and incidence in the US. Higher vaccination coverage levels were linked to reduced mortality and incidence rates during the eras of alpha and delta variant predominance.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Immunology

Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Disease and Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses

Cillian Gartlan et al.

Summary: This article discusses the definition, mechanisms, and cases of vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED), with a particular focus on respiratory syncytial virus and dengue virus studies, as well as VAED phenomena in MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Through a critical review of the literature, the article points out the current issues in the research and suggests methods to improve the characterization of VAED.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Fatal COVID-19 outcomes are associated with an antibody response targeting epitopes shared with endemic coronaviruses

Anna L. McNaughton et al.

Summary: The immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in fatal COVID-19 cases is enriched for antibodies that target epitopes shared with other endemic coronaviruses, rather than the more protective regions of the virus. This response is correlated with the magnitude of antibody responses to the spike protein of both SARS-CoV-2 and other beta-coronaviruses in individuals admitted to the ICU with fatal outcomes. However, there is no significant difference in antibody responses to the less cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid between fatal and nonfatal cases.

JCI INSIGHT (2022)

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Article Immunology

A Third Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine, CVnCoV, Increased the Neutralizing Activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Delta Variant

Olaf-Oliver Wolz et al.

Summary: A third dose of CVnCoV vaccine can effectively boost neutralizing antibody responses against both wild-type and Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, regardless of age or previous exposure to the virus. This indicates that the first two doses have induced immune memory, and a third dose is beneficial for enhancing immune response.

VACCINES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Three doses of prototypic SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine induce cross-protection against its variants of concern

Tianhong Xie et al.

Summary: This study found that the prototypic SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine provided protection against Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, reducing viral loads and improving lung pathology.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Two-component spike nanoparticle vaccine protects macaques from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Philip J. M. Brouwer et al.

Summary: The study introduces a nanoparticle vaccine displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which successfully induced potent antibody responses in mice, rabbits, and cynomolgus macaques. The vaccine-induced immunity protected macaques against a high-dose challenge, showing promising potential as a candidate to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic.

CELL (2021)

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Letter Immunology

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variant A.30 is heavily mutated and evades vaccine-induced antibodies with high efficiency

Prerna Arora et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Stephany Beyerstedt et al.

Summary: ACE2 plays a crucial role in COVID-19, with its expression potentially having paradoxical effects, aiding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity while also limiting viral infection.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Monocytes and Macrophages, Targets of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: The Clue for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Immunoparalysis

Asma Boumaza et al.

Summary: The study found that monocytes and macrophages from COVID-19 patients can be infected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines and induction of a specific transcriptional program in macrophages. Single-cell analysis in COVID-19 patients revealed lower monocyte counts affecting all subsets, decreased expression of HLA-DR, and increased expression of CD163, regardless of disease severity.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Immune Activation and Death of Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

Jian Zheng et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection of immature macrophages and dendritic cells leads to failed replication but induces the production of various antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines, ultimately causing cell death mediated by interferon. Activation and death of macrophages are not enhanced even when exposed to low levels of convalescent plasma.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Circuits between infected macrophages and T cells in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

Rogan A. Grant et al.

Summary: The study found that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have enriched T cells and monocytes in the alveolar space, suggesting that the virus infects alveolar macrophages and induces T cell production of interferon-, leading to inflammation and persistent alveolitis.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies: Report of a WHO Working Group

Euzebiusz Jamrozik et al.

Summary: This report from the WHO outlines ethical standards for COVID-19 challenge studies, including eight Key Criteria related to scientific justification, risk-benefit assessment, consultation and engagement, etc. It provides comprehensive guidance to ensure that such studies meet ethical requirements.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice

Jing-Hui Tian et al.

Summary: The study reports the development of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine candidate that contains full-length spike protein stabilized in its prefusion conformation, showing immunogenicity in mice and protection in baboons with Matrix-M adjuvanted vaccine, supporting ongoing phase 1/2 clinical evaluation of NVX-CoV2373 with Matrix-M (NCT04368988).

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 variants and ending the COVID-19 pandemic

Arnaud Fontanet et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Dengue and Zika virus infections in children elicit cross-reactive protective and enhancing antibodies that persist long term

Leah C. Katzelnick et al.

Summary: Research indicates that primary dengue virus infection can lead to long-lasting antibodies that gradually decline after secondary infections, while Zika virus infection may provide short-term cross-protection. Individual antibody set point is crucial for future dengue risk.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Vaccine-associated enhanced disease: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

Flor M. Munoz et al.

Summary: This is a case definition developed by a group of experts convened by CEPI to assess adverse events following immunization. It follows the case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration and defines levels of certainty after an exhaustive literature review and expert consultation.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Virology

Macrophages and Monocytes: Trojan Horses in COVID-19

Elena Percivalle et al.

Summary: The study showed that different variants of SARS-COV-2 can infect monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, which could serve as vectors for viral transmission. Additionally, persistent virus can be transmitted to other susceptible cells even without active viral replication.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Mediated by the IgG Receptors FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIA but Does Not Contribute to Aberrant Cytokine Production by Macrophages

Tadashi Maemura et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the detrimental effects of antibodies, including antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. In this study, it was found that FcγRIIA and FcγRIIIA mediate modest ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although ADE was observed, there was no upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages, suggesting that antibodies eliciting ADE may not contribute to excessive cytokine release during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

MBIO (2021)

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Article Immunology

Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

Darrell O. Ricke

Summary: The severity and stages of COVID-19 vary, with different pathological processes such as cytokine storms, ARDS, etc., and the development of related vaccines is hindered by vaccine-induced enhanced disease responses.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Optimize Prime/Boost Vaccine Strategies: Trained Immunity as a New Player in the Game

Jean-Louis Palgen et al.

Summary: Optimizing vaccination strategies involves understanding how vaccine history affects memory B and T cell characteristics. Innate cells, particularly myeloid lineage cells, respond differently to first and second vaccine doses, affecting innate immune responses. Trained innate cells have the potential to improve vaccination strategies by enhancing antigen uptake, presentation, migration, and cytokine production.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 variants: the urgent need for a correlate of protection

Salim S. Abdool Karim

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutralizing antibody vaccine for pandemic and pre-emergent coronaviruses

Kevin O. Saunders et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that immunizing macaques with nanoparticles conjugated with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, adjuvanted with 3M-052 and alum, can elicit cross-neutralizing antibody responses against various coronaviruses and provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Nucleoside-modified mRNAs encoding stabilized spike proteins also induce antibody responses against different coronaviruses, suggesting potential for developing vaccines against multiple betacoronaviruses in the future.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vaccine development for emerging infectious diseases

Jean-Louis Excler et al.

Summary: Studies on COVID-19 vaccination strategies in comparison to previous infectious diseases offer critical lessons for future public health emergencies. The unprecedented scale and rapid spread of emerging infectious diseases present new challenges for vaccine development and distribution. Prioritizing access to vaccines in low- and middle-income countries, along with close monitoring of vaccine safety and virus variants, will be crucial for the success of pandemic control efforts.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Vaccine Breakthrough Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Ezgi Hacisuleyman et al.

Summary: Despite evidence of vaccine efficacy, two fully vaccinated individuals developed mild symptoms of Covid-19 and were infected with variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing of the virus isolates revealed novel mutations, highlighting the potential risk of illness post-vaccination and subsequent infection with variant virus. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and characterize variants in vaccinated individuals are crucial.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Vaccine Inoculation Route Modulates Early Immunity and Consequently Antigen-Specific Immune Response

Pierre Rosenbaum et al.

Summary: The quality of vaccine response induced by an attenuated vaccine is influenced by the route of administration, with subcutaneous injection inducing higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to intradermal or intramuscular injections. Polyfunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses are preferentially induced after intradermal or intramuscular injection. This suggests that the route of administration must be tailored to the desired type of protective immune response to improve vaccine efficacy.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biology

Previous Humoral Immunity to the Endemic Seasonal Alphacoronaviruses NL63 and 229E Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 and Suggests Original Antigenic Sin

Daniele Focosi et al.

Summary: Evidence suggests that immunity to previous alpha coronaviruses may enhance SARS CoV-2 infection, supporting the hypothesis of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). This cross-reactivity between coronaviruses could potentially impact the severity of COVID-19.

LIFE-BASEL (2021)

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Review Oncology

Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Viral Disease: Implications for Viral Vaccine Development

Scott B. Halstead

Summary: VAED is a major barrier to successful virus vaccines, with ADE and VAH being two distinct immunopathologies. ADE contributes to disease caused by dengue viruses, while VAH causes hypersensitivity reactions due to viral infections.

BIODRUGS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies

Dapeng Li et al.

Summary: Research has shown that some SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies can enhance virus infection in vitro, but in monkeys and mice, these antibodies can still protect against SARS-CoV-2. However, out of 46 monkeys infused with enhancing antibodies, three showed higher lung inflammation scores compared to controls.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

TMPRSS2 expression dictates the entry route used by SARS-CoV-2 to infect host cells

Jana Koch et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infects cells through two mutually exclusive pathways depending on the presence of TMPRSS2 protease. In the presence of TMPRSS2, the virus swiftly enters through the plasma membrane in a pH-independent manner; while in the absence of TMPRSS2, the virus is endocytosed and enters the cytosol post-infection.

EMBO JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

COVID-19: Warp Speed vaccines

Yanis Feraoun et al.

Summary: Vaccines are crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in the mid to long term. Multiple vaccines based on different concepts have been authorized for emergency use, but they also face challenges such as the emergence of viral variants.

M S-MEDECINE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evaluation of the extended efficacy of the Dengvaxia vaccine against symptomatic and subclinical dengue infection

Henrik Salje et al.

Summary: A multiyear analysis of antibody responses in recipients of the Dengvaxia vaccine in the Philippines shows that antibody titers are a predictor of protection against disease, but the vaccine efficacy declines 3 years after complete vaccination. There is a need for better understanding of antibody responses to vaccines and their role in protecting against disease.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pan-Sarbecovirus Neutralizing Antibodies in BNT162b2-Immunized SARS-CoV-1 Survivors

Chee-Wah Tan et al.

Summary: Survivors of SARS-CoV-1 infection who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine produced potent cross-clade pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies, capable of neutralizing various variants of concern and potential human-infecting coronaviruses, indicating the feasibility of a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine strategy.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines

Philip R. Krause et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months

S. J. Thomas et al.

Summary: BNT162b2 vaccine remains highly effective and safe over the course of 6 months post-vaccination, with efficacy rates ranging from 86% to 100% across different demographics and risk factors for Covid-19. The vaccine also shows a high efficacy against severe disease, with particularly promising results observed in South Africa against the B.1.351 variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Chimeric spike mRNA vaccines protect against Sarbecovirus challenge in mice

David R. Martinez et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV in 2003 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has led to the development of universal vaccination strategies against the broader Sarbecovirus subgenus. Through the use of chimeric spike designs, high levels of broadly protective neutralizing antibodies have been induced against various high-risk Sarbecoviruses, showing potential for preventing SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus infections with pandemic potential.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain to cells expressing CD40 improves protection to infection in convalescent macaques

Romain Marlin et al.

Summary: The study introduces a new generation of subunit vaccines that target viral antigens to CD40-expressing antigen-presenting cells, demonstrating significant levels of specific T and B cells with long-term memory phenotypes in a humanized mouse model. Moreover, a single dose of the vaccine boosts rapid increase in neutralizing antibodies without adjuvant, improving protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants in non-human primates previously exposed to the virus.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunological and pathological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 challenge following formalin-inactivated vaccine in ferrets and rhesus macaques

Kevin R. Bewley et al.

Summary: This study found no evidence of vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) in ferrets and rhesus macaques given formaldehyde-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, except for mild transient enhanced disease observed in ferrets 7 days after infection. This increased lung pathology was resolved by day 15, and it was also shown that formaldehyde treatment of the virus reduced exposure of the spike receptor binding domain, providing a mechanistic explanation for suboptimal immunity.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Review Immunology

Predictive Markers of Immunogenicity and Efficacy for Human Vaccines

Matthieu Van Tilbeurgh et al.

Summary: Vaccines represent a major advance in modern medicine, but continuous efforts are needed to design new vaccines to combat both existing and emerging pathogens. Identifying reliable predictive markers of immunogenicity can help in selecting and developing promising vaccine candidates, and the use of systems biology approaches with high-dimensional technologies and computational models is increasingly being adopted to address these challenges.

VACCINES (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 triggers a consistent cross-variant humoral and cellular response

D. Mileto et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that administration of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine can elicit a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response up to 3 months after full vaccination, but no correlation was observed between the quantity of antibodies detected by immunoassays and their neutralizing activity. Most subjects developed a specific T-cell response, and partial immune evasion was consistent in Beta and Delta variants among vaccinated healthcare workers.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study

Paul Naaber et al.

Summary: The study found that antibody levels declined at 12 weeks and 6 months after receiving two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, with Spike antibody levels at 6 months being similar to those in individuals who received one dose or had recovered from COVID-19. Most individuals developed Spike-specific memory T cell responses, which were lower in those with higher T cell immunosenescence. Antibody response was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with the total score of vaccination side effects.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2021)

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Review Immunology

A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments

Andrew J. Pollard et al.

Summary: Immunization is vital for public health policy and there are challenges ahead for immunologists in developing new vaccines. Although immunology has not contributed significantly to vaccine development so far, a better understanding of protective immunity is urgently needed to tackle difficult-to-target pathogens.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Summary of the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee meeting held to consider evaluation of vaccine candidates for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in RSV-naive infants

Sarah K. Browne et al.

VACCINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Immunology

Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019

Juanjuan Zhao et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Zhe Xu et al.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development

Barney S. Graham

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2

Qiang Gao et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Jingyou Yu et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Virology

Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19

Yong Gao et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12-13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines

Paul-Henri Lambert et al.

VACCINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

The potential role of Th17 immune responses in coronavirus immunopathology and vaccine-induced immune enhancement

Peter J. Hotez et al.

MICROBES AND INFECTION (2020)

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Article Immunology

Antibody Dependent Enhancement Due to Original Antigenic Sin and the Development of SARS

Walter Fierz et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

The COVID-19 Cytokine Storm; What We Know So Far

Dina Ragab et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients

Chaofu Wang et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2020)

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Review Immunology

Review of data and knowledge gaps regarding yellow fever vaccine-induced immunity and duration of protection

J. Erin Staples et al.

NPJ VACCINES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Attenuated Interferon and Proinflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Human Dendritic Cells Is Associated With Viral Antagonism of STAT1 Phosphorylation

Dong Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

SARS-CoV-2 controlled human infection models: Ethics, challenge agent production and regulatory issues

Marc Baay et al.

BIOLOGICALS (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Coronavirus vaccine-associated lung immunopathology-what is the significance?

Maria Elena Bottazzi et al.

MICROBES AND INFECTION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A vaccine targeting the RBD of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immunity

Jingyun Yang et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2

Ann M. Arvin et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Accelerating Development of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines - The Role for Controlled Human Infection Models

Meagan E. Deming et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates

Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Ethics of a partially effective dengue vaccine: Lessons from the Philippines

Scott B. Halstead et al.

VACCINE (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions

Abdollah Jafarzadeh et al.

LIFE SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures

Kenneth H. Dinnon et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Zika virus infection enhances future risk of severe dengue disease

Leah C. Katzelnick et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine

Barton F. Haynes et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Virology

Protective and enhancing interactions among dengue viruses 1-4 and Zika virus

Leah C. Katzelnick et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Intrinsic ADE: The Dark Side of Antibody Dependent Enhancement During Dengue Infection

Rohan Narayan et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: A Challenge for Developing a Safe Dengue Vaccine

Rahul Shukla et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Human challenge trials in vaccine development

Amrita Sekhar et al.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Yeast-expressed SARS-CoV recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD219-N1) formulated with aluminum hydroxide induces protective immunity and reduces immune enhancement

Wen-Hsiang Chen et al.

VACCINE (2020)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronavirus With ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)-2 as Their Main Receptor Therapeutic Implications

Anne M. Davidson et al.

HYPERTENSION (2020)

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Article Immunology

Pathology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Fatal Coronavirus Disease, United States

Roosecelis B. Martines et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Immunology

The role of IgG Fc receptors in antibody-dependent enhancement

Stylianos Bournazos et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Lack of cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2

Danielle E. Anderson et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

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Review Microbiology

Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination

Petra Zimmermann et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS (2019)

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Article Immunology

Humanized immune system mouse models: progress, challenges and opportunities

Todd M. Allen et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

902. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Single Immunization of Ad26.RSV.preF against RSV Infection in a Viral Challenge Model in Healthy Adults

John DeVincenzo et al.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases (2019)

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Vaccines: An achievement of civilization, a human right, our health insurance for the future

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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry

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JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2019)

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Cost-effectiveness of adult vaccinations: A systematic review

Andrew J. Leidner et al.

VACCINE (2019)

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Non-neutralizing Antibodies Directed at Conservative Influenza Antigens

E. S. Sedova et al.

ACTA NATURAE (2019)

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Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in Antiviral Immune Responses

Matthew Zirui Tay et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection

Li Liu et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2019)

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Fc-Mediated Antibody Effector Functions During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Disease

Elisabeth A. van Erp et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Humanized mice: A brief overview on their diverse applications in biomedical research

Shigeyoshi Fujiwara

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

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Safety and Immunogenicity of 3 Formulations of an Investigational Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine in Nonpregnant Women: Results From 2 Phase 2 Trials

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JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

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Effect of Dengue Serostatus on Dengue Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Safety issues from a Phase 3 clinical trial of a live-attenuated chimeric yellow fever tetravalent dengue vaccine

Scott B. Halstead

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2018)

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LANCET HIV (2018)

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Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV Infection in Rhesus Macaques Immunized with an Inactivated SARS-CoV Vaccine

Fan Luo et al.

VIROLOGICA SINICA (2018)

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Viral-Induced Enhanced Disease Illness

Maria K. Smatti et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

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The monocyte-macrophage-mast cell axis in dengue pathogenesis

Shu-Wen Wan et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE (2018)

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Nonhuman primate models of human viral infections

Jacob D. Estes et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Beyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases

Lenette L. Lu et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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The mechanistic role of antibodies to dengue virus in protection and disease pathogenesis

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EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY (2017)

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Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study

Ting Shi et al.

LANCET (2017)

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SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY (2017)

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Towards an evidence based approach for the development of adjuvanted vaccines

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CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Brief History and Characterization of Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

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Pre-fusion F is absent on the surface of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus

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HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2016)

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ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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A Single 17D Yellow Fever Vaccination Provides Lifelong Immunity; Characterization of Yellow-Fever-Specific Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses after Vaccination

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Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection in Primary Human Macrophages; Balancing Higher Fusion against Antiviral Responses

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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BMC IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Children in Latin America

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A highly stable prefusion RSV F vaccine derived from structural analysis of the fusion mechanism

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Recombinant Receptor Binding Domain Protein Induces Partial Protective Immunity in Rhesus Macaques Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Challenge

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CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2013)

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Sexual Risk Behaviors, Circumcision Status, and Preexisting Immunity to Adenovirus Type 5 Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Participating in a Randomized HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial: Step Study

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Extended Follow-up Confirms Early Vaccine-Enhanced Risk of HIV Acquisition and Demonstrates Waning Effect Over Time Among Participants in a Randomized Trial of Recombinant Adenovirus HIV Vaccine (Step Study)

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Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Antibodies Trigger Infection of Human Immune Cells via a pH-and Cysteine Protease-Independent FcγR Pathway

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE (2010)

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CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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NATURE MEDICINE (2009)

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CD134 and CXCR4 expression corresponds to feline immunodeficiency virus infection of lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

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HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity in the test-of-concept Step Study: a case-cohort analysis

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Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial

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Fc gamma receptors as regulators of immune responses

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Epitopes required for antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection

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Atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease (ERD) made simple

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PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2007)

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Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcγRII- dependent entry into B cells in vitro

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C5 modulates airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary eosinophilia during enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease by decreasing C3a receptor expression

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A potential molecular mechanism for hypersensitivity caused by formalin- inactivated vaccines

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Vaccine-induced cellular immune responses reduce plasma viral concentrations after repeated low-dose challenge with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239

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Differential utilization of CD134 as a functional receptor by diverse strains of feline immunodeficiency virus

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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in monkeys of purified inactivated Vero-cell SARS vaccine

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Mechanism for complement-mediated, antibody-dependent enhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection in MT2 cells is enhanced entry through CD4, CD21, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors

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Antibody responses against SARS coronavirus are correlated with disease outcome of infected individuals

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Vectored Gag and Env but not Tat show efficacy against simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6p challenge in Mamu-A*01-negative rhesus monkeys

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the innate immune responses: Modulation of effector cell function without productive infection

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Loss of virus-specific CD4+ T cells with increases in viral loads in the chronic phase after vaccine-based partial control of primary simian immunodeficiency virus replication in macaques

WH Lun et al.

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Original antigenic sin and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever

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SARS-coronavirus replicates in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood (PBMCs) from SARS patients

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Antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection and disease

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EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2002)

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Immunization of macaques with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induces interleukin-13-associated hypersensitivity to subsequent RSV infection

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Lymphoid activation:: a confounding factor in AIDS vaccine development?

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A role for immune complexes in enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease

FP Polack et al.

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AIDS vaccination studies using an ex vivo feline immunodeficiency virus model: Failure to protect and possible enhancement of challenge infection by four cell-based vaccines prepared with autologous lymphoblasts

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HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells

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NATURE (2002)

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IFN-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells inhibits allergen-induced airway eosinophilia but not late airway responses

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Cutting edge:: Biasing immune responses by directing antigen to macrophage Fcγ receptors

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Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity

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Response of naive and memory CD8+ T cells to antigen stimulation in vivo

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NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2000)

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Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern, and virus serotype correlate with disease severity

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JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2000)

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Vaccine-associated enhanced disease in humans and animal models: Lessons and challenges for vaccine development

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