Protection Evaluation of a Five-Gene-Deleted African Swine Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge

African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents a serious threat to the global swine industry, and there are no safe or commercially available vaccines. Previous studies have demonstrated that inactivated vaccines do not provide sufficient protection against ASFV and that attenuated vaccines are effective, but raise safety concerns. Here, we first constructed a deletion mutant in which EP153R and EP402R gene clusters were knocked out. Based on the deletion mutant, a further deletion from the MGF_360-12L, MGF_360-13L to MGF_360-14L genes was obtained. The five-genes knockout virus was designated as ASFV-Delta ECM3. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the ASFV-Delta ECM3 virus as a vaccine candidate, the evaluation of the virus was subsequently carried out in pigs. The results showed that the ASFV-Delta ECM3 virus could induce homologous protection against the parental isolate, and no significant clinical signs or viremia were observed. These results show that the contiguous deletion mutant, ASFV-Delta ECM3 encompassing the EP153R/EP402R and MGF_360-12L/13L/14L genes, could be a potential live-attenuated vaccine candidate for the prevention of ASFV infection.

Automated summary

The study constructed an African swine fever virus with multiple gene deletions, named ASFV-Delta ECM3, which could potentially serve as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate for the prevention of ASFV infection.