Journal
WATER
Volume 14, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/w14132025
Keywords
dual-media biofilm reactor; coffee effluent; aerobic degradation; lignin-tannin removal; cod removal
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Funding
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) [DIP-2021-008]
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The coffee processing industry produces toxic and low biodegradable effluent, which can pollute water bodies. This study investigated the use of a dual-media biofilm reactor for real coffee effluent treatment, and compared it with a control biofilm reactor using sand media. The results showed that the dual-media biofilm reactor had the highest removal of chemical oxygen demand and NH4+-N, and the combination of sand and HEX media encouraged the growth of various bacterial species.
The coffee processing industry produces toxic and low biodegradable effluent, which can pollute water bodies. A pre-treatment study on coffee effluent using a dual-media biofilm reactor (DM-BR) containing sand and Hexafilter (HEX) was conducted alongside a control biofilm reactor (C-BR) containing sand media. The novelty of this study lies in the use of dual media in biofilm reactor (DM-BR) for real coffee effluent treatment, where these processes were used individually in previous studies. The performance of DM-BR and C-BR in treating coffee effluent were investigated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), 24, 48 and 72 h, and the degrading bacteria were identified. Both biofilm reactors were inoculated with a recycled paper mill-activated sludge and acclimatised for 97 days. The DM-BR displayed the highest removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+-N at 47% and 38%, respectively, within 48 h of HRT, whereas colour and tannin-lignin reached maximum average removal of 21% and 29%, respectively, at 24 h of HRT. The combination of sand and HEX media in a system showed COD and NH4+-N removal improvement at 48 h of HRT and encouraged a variety of bacterial species growth. Bacterial characterisation analysis revealed Proteobacteria to be dominant.
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