A Green Resin Wood Adhesive from Synthetic Polyamide Crosslinking with Glyoxal

Glyoxal is considered to be the most likely substitute for formaldehyde to synthesize resin adhesives for wood bonding due to its reactivity, structural characteristics, being non-toxic, low volatility, and acceptable cost. Regrettably, the performance of the resin synthesized using glyoxal to directly replace all formaldehyde is not totally satisfactory, especially as it has almost no water resistance. This makes such a simple alternative fail to be suitable for industrial production. To prepare an environment-friendly glyoxal-based adhesive with good bonding performance, the work presented here relies first on reacting citric acid and hexamethylene diamine, producing a polyamide, with glyoxal, and then crosslinking it, thus synthesizing a thermosetting resin (namely CHG) adhesive and applying it for plywood bonding. The plywood prepared exhibits excellent dry and wet shear strength, which are better than GB/T9846-2015 standard requirements (>= 0.7 MPa), and even after being soaked in hot water at 63 degrees C for 3 h, its strength is still as high as 1.35 MPa. The CHG resin is then potentially an adhesive for industrial application for replacing UF (urea-formaldehyde) and MUF (melamine-urea-formaldehyde) adhesives for wood composites.

Automated summary

Glyoxal is a promising substitute for formaldehyde in wood bonding. However, the performance of glyoxal-based resin is not satisfactory, particularly in terms of water resistance. This study presents a method to prepare an eco-friendly glyoxal-based adhesive with excellent bonding performance. The adhesive, named CHG resin, is synthesized by reacting citric acid and hexamethylene diamine with glyoxal. The plywood bonded with CHG resin shows superior dry and wet shear strength, surpassing the standard requirements. It also maintains high strength even after immersion in hot water. Consequently, CHG resin has the potential to replace UF and MUF adhesives for wood composites in industrial applications.