4.7 Article

Glycine-serine-rich effector PstGSRE4 in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici inhibits the activity of copper zinc superoxide dismutase to modulate immunity in wheat

Journal

PLOS PATHOGENS
Volume 18, Issue 7, Pages -

Publisher

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010702

Keywords

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Funding

  1. National Key Research and Development Program of China [2021YFD1401000]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [32172381, 31972224]
  3. Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi [2021ZDLNY01-01]
  4. Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi [2020JZ-13]
  5. 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China [B07049]

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In this study, a new glycine-serine-rich effector, PstGSRE4, was identified, which exhibits unusual biochemical properties and is highly induced during early stages of infection. PstGSRE4 targets the ROS-associated regulatory factor TaCZSOD2 and inhibits its enzyme activity, compromising the host immune systems and facilitating pathogen infection.
Author summaryPst secretes numerous effectors to modulate host defense systems. However, the mechanisms of these effectors, especially for glycine-rich or serine-rich effectors, remain obscure. In this study, we identified a new glycine-serine-rich effector, PstGSRE4, which exhibits unusual biochemical properties and is highly induced during early stages of infection. Transgenic expression of PstGSRE4-RNAi constructs in wheat significantly reduced virulence of Pst and increased H2O2 accumulation in wheat. Overexpression of PstGSRE4 in wheat significantly increased virulence of Pst and reduced H2O2 accumulation in wheat. PstGSRE4 was shown to target the ROS-associated regulatory factor TaCZSOD2, which was proved as a positive regulator of wheat immunity in this study. Further study revealed that PstGSRE4 inhibited the enzyme activity of TaCZSOD2 and thus compromises the host immune systems. This work reveals a novel strategy that rust fungi exploit to modulate host defense and facilitate pathogen infection. Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) secretes an array of specific effector proteins to manipulate host immunity and promote pathogen colonization. In a previous study, we functionally characterized a glycine-serine-rich effector PstGSRE1 with a glycine-serine-rich motif (m9). However, the mechanisms of glycine-serine-rich effectors (GSREs) remain obscure. Here we report a new glycine-serine-rich effector, PstGSRE4, which has no m9-like motif but inhibits the enzyme activity of wheat copper zinc superoxide dismutase TaCZSOD2, which acts as a positive regulator of wheat resistance to Pst. By inhibiting the enzyme activity of TaCZSOD2, PstGSRE4 reduces H2O2 accumulation and HR areas to facilitate Pst infection. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of GSREs of rust fungi in regulating plant immunity.

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