Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 14, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14132575
Keywords
zinc; breast cancer; survival; cohort; phosphorus; selenium
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Cancer Society [20 0841 PjF]
- Einar and Inga Nilsson Foundation
- Malmo General Hospital Cancer Foundation
- Skane University Hospital Funds and Donations
- Region Skane
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This study investigates the relationship between zinc levels and breast cancer survival. The results suggest that higher zinc intake in women with high phosphorus intake may lead to better breast cancer survival.
Zinc has been suggested to play a role in breast cancer progression; however, no previous study on zinc levels and the potential effect on breast cancer survival has been conducted. This study investigates recurrence-free survival (RFS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) in relation to zinc levels, in serum and diet, overall and stratified for phosphorus and selenium levels. The Malmo Diet and Cancer Study, a prospective population-based cohort in Sweden including 17,035 women, was used to identify breast cancer patients diagnosed in the period 1991-2013. Diet was assessed by a validated modified diet history method. A Cox regression analysis yielded hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for potential confounders. Out of 1062 patients with invasive breast cancer, 268 recurrences, 205 breast cancer deaths and 228 deaths from other causes were recorded. No overall associations were seen between zinc and RFS, BCSS or OS. However, in women with a high phosphorus intake, a higher BCSS and OS were seen in zinc intake Q2 to Q4 versus Q1; the adjusted HR was 0.41 (0.23-0.73) and 0.64 (0.41-1.00), respectively. The results indicate that the combination of intermediate/high zinc intake and high phosphorus intake may lead to a better breast cancer survival.
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