Cytokines Activate JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in MG-63 Cells on Titanium and Zirconia

Although titanium has been traditionally used as the gold standard for dental implants, recent years have seen the widespread application of zirconia implants given their superiority with regards to reduced bacterial adhesion, inflammation and cellular-interaction in terms of bio-compatibility. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in bone remodeling and formation. The aim of the study was to investigate the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway through different cytokines in osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) on zirconia in comparison to titanium discs. IFN-gamma induced the very strong activation of STAT1 protein, IFN-alpha activated both STAT1 and STAT3 molecules, IL-6 activated STAT3 and IL-4 induced the activation of STAT6 on both surfaces. The activation of STAT proteins was confirmed by western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using phospho-specific anti-STAT antibodies, which recognize only phosphorylated STAT proteins. The incubation of MG-63 cells with IFN-gamma caused the upregulation of MHC class I and class II proteins when MG-63 cells were grown on zirconia and titanium discs. In sum, the present study shows that the JAK-STAT pathway is activated in MG-63 cells when they are incubated on titanium or zirconia surfaces.

Automated summary

Zirconia implants have become widely used in dentistry due to their superior biological compatibility compared to traditional titanium implants, as they reduce bacterial adhesion, inflammation, and cellular interaction. This study investigated the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) on zirconia and titanium surfaces using different cytokines. The results showed that various cytokines activated different STAT proteins on both surfaces, indicating the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The upregulation of MHC class I and class II proteins was observed when MG-63 cells were incubated on zirconia and titanium discs.