Clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic evaluation of topical methotrexate 1% hydrogel versus topical Calcipotriol 0.005% cream in the treatment of plaque psoriasis

Background Psoriasis Vulgaris is a common immune-mediated skin disease. Its high prevalence, disability, chronicity, disfiguration, and associated comorbidities make it a challenge for physicians. Topical agents remain the mainstay of treatment for patients with mild to moderate psoriasis. Aim To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of topical methotrexate 1% gel (MTX) versus topical calcipotriol 0.005% cream (CPL) in the treatment of localized plaque psoriasis. Methods This prospective comparative study included 40 patients with localized plaque psoriasis instructed to apply MTX to one side (group A) and CPL to the other side lesions (group B) twice daily for 12 weeks. Clinical and dermoscopic evaluations before, weekly during and after 3 months of treatment were done. The immunohistopathological assessment was done for skin biopsies from 10 patients in each group before and after treatment. Results At the end of 12 weeks, there was marked-complete improvement in 97.5% of group A lesions treated with MTX 1% gel compared with 37.5% of group B lesions treated with calcipotriol 0.005% cream (p < 0.001). There was a very high statistically significant improvement in erythema that was cleared totally in 67.5% vs 22.5%, scaling in 75% vs 17.5%, and infiltration in 72.5% vs 27.5% in group A vs B, respectively (p < 0.001). These results were confirmed by dermoscopic and immunohistopathological findings. Conclusion Methotrexate 1% gel is a marvelous promising well-tolerated effective topical agent that can be used safely in the treatment of localized plaque psoriasis.

Automated summary

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 1% methotrexate gel and 0.005% calcipotriol cream in treating localized plaque psoriasis. The results showed that patients using methotrexate gel had a significantly higher rate of marked improvement in lesions compared to those using calcipotriol cream after 12 weeks. These findings were confirmed through dermoscopic and immunohistopathological assessments, indicating that methotrexate gel is a reliable, effective, and well-tolerated topical treatment for localized plaque psoriasis.