Biomimetic material degradation for synergistic enhanced therapy by regulating endogenous energy metabolism imaging under hypothermia

Inefficient tumour treatment approaches often cause fatal tumour metastases. Here, we report a biomimetic multifunctional nanoplatform explicitly engineered with a Co-based metal organic framework polydopamine heterostructure (MOF-PDA), anethole trithione (ADT), and a macrophage membrane. Co-MOF degradation in the tumour microenvironment releases Co2+, which results in the downregulation of HSP90 expression and the inhibition of cellular heat resistance, thereby improving the photothermal therapy effect of PDA. H2S secretion after the enzymatic hydrolysis of ADT leads to high-concentration gas therapy. Moreover, ADT changes the balance between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/flavin adenine dinucleotide (NADH/FAD) during tumour glycolysis. ATP synthesis is limited by NADH consumption, which triggers a certain degree of tumour growth inhibition and results in starvation therapy. Potentiated 2D/3D autofluorescence imaging of NADH/FAD is also achieved in liquid nitrogen and employed to efficiently monitor tumour therapy. The developed biomimetic nanoplatform provides an approach to treat orthotopic tumours and inhibit metastasis. Metal organic frameworks (MOF) coated with mammalian cell membranes have good biocompatibility. Here, the authors develop a cobalt based hydrogen sulphide producing MOF cloaked with a macrophage membrane and show that the subsequent system can reduce tumour growth in mice.

Automated summary

Using a biomimetic multifunctional nanoplatform, this study develops an approach to treat tumors and inhibit metastasis. The platform, coated with a metal organic framework and a macrophage membrane, demonstrates good biocompatibility. By releasing Co2+ and H2S, it enhances the photothermal therapy effect and achieves high-concentration gas therapy. Additionally, it alters the balance of NADH/FAD, limiting ATP synthesis and triggering tumor growth inhibition and starvation therapy.