Detection of neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains in dried blood spots using cell-free PCR

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants After Infection and Vaccination

Venkata Viswanadh Edara et al.

Summary: This study investigates the neutralizing antibody response to 4 SARS-CoV-2 variants in individuals who have been infected or vaccinated.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

David S. Khoury et al.

Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic COVID-19 is persistent and critical for survival

Stefania Dispinseri et al.

Summary: The study reveals that antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein play a significant role in neutralization and protection against severe COVID-19, unaffected by heterologous boosting or common cold immunity, and can last for up to 8 months.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays Dependent on Dual-Antigen Binding Demonstrate Diverging Kinetics Relative to Other Antibody Detection Methods

Elitza S. Theel et al.

Summary: Longitudinal studies on the durability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response have produced conflicting results due to differences in patient populations, methodologies, and assays used. This study tracked the changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescent plasma donors over 120 days, revealing a gradual decline in titers for most assays but stable or increasing titers for assays utilizing dual-antigen binding. The findings suggest that the method of antibody detection used is crucial, with implications for future assay utilization and clinical value.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody escape

Fabian Schmidt et al.

Summary: The number and variability of neutralizing epitopes targeted by polyclonal antibodies in individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 or been vaccinated play a crucial role in determining the breadth of neutralization and the genetic barrier to viral escape. Studying HIV-1 pseudotypes and plasma selection experiments, it was found that human polyclonal antibodies target multiple neutralizing epitopes within and outside the receptor-binding domain, and antibody targets coincide with spike sequences enriched for diversity in natural SARS-CoV-2 populations. Combining plasma-selected spike substitutions led to the generation of 'polymutant' spike protein pseudotypes that resist neutralization by polyclonal antibodies to a similar extent as circulating variants of concern. Plasma from individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently received mRNA vaccination was able to neutralize highly resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting that optimally elicited polyclonal antibodies can provide protection against future SARS-CoV-2 variations and potential sarbecovirus pandemics.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

A high-throughput cell- and virus-free assay shows reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by COVID-19 convalescent plasma

Craig Fenwick et al.

Summary: The study presents a cell-free quantitative neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, achieving high sensitivity and specificity in assessing neutralizing activities against various variants. The assay can effectively evaluate neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants of concern and characterize vaccine-induced antibody responses or assess the potency of monoclonal antibodies.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A surrogate virus neutralization test to quantify antibody-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in finger stick dried blood spot samples

Amelia E. Sancilio et al.

Summary: The immunoassay-based method validated in this study can quantify neutralization of the spike-ACE2 interaction in a single drop of capillary whole blood collected as dried blood spot samples. This scalable and minimally invasive alternative to venous blood collection offers a practical way to measure neutralizing antibodies and estimate immunity levels against COVID-19 in the general population.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases