Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Gao et al.
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Fabian Schmidt et al.
Summary: Neutralization assays showed much lower omicron neutralization compared to Wuhan-hu-1 after two doses of mRNA vaccine, but individuals who received a booster vaccine or were vaccinated after recovering from Covid-19 exhibited high levels of omicron neutralization.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roanne Keeton et al.
Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.
Article
Microbiology
Julia Lang-Meli et al.
Summary: The study found that T cells predominantly targeted non-spike epitopes in convalescent individuals, while there was a broader spike-specific T-cell response in vaccinees. The spike-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses play a crucial role in combating variant viruses.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Katherine Kedzierska et al.
Summary: This article discusses epitope-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, their persistence in long-term memory, and their role in limiting disease severity.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Sette et al.
Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.
Article
Immunology
Nina Hensel et al.
Summary: The study reveals a progenitor-progeny relationship between memory-like and terminally exhausted HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells via an intermediate subset. Following DAA therapy to eliminate chronic antigen stimulation, memory-like cells are maintained while terminally exhausted cells are lost, resulting in a memory polarization of the overall HCV-specific CD8(+) T cell response. However, an exhausted core signature of memory-like CD8(+) T cells is still detectable even after viral clearance.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yair Goldberg et al.
Summary: The immunity against the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 waned in all age groups in Israel a few months after receiving the second dose of the vaccine, leading to an increase in infection and severe cases.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiam Chemaitelly et al.
Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rishi R. Goel et al.
Summary: This study found that immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants remains robust for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination, with antibodies declining but still detectable in most individuals. mRNA vaccines also induced functional memory B cells and antigen-specific T cells, with recall responses primarily increasing antibody levels in individuals with preexisting immunity.
Article
Immunology
Gisella Guerrera et al.
Summary: Vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine induces a sustained anti-viral T cell response for at least 6 months, demonstrating immunological competence and long-term memory against SARS-CoV-2.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mark M. Painter et al.
Summary: The study found that after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, CD4(+) T cell responses in naïve individuals were fast, while CD8(+) T cell responses developed gradually. Th1 and Tfh cell responses after the first dose were correlated with post-boost CD8(+) T cells and neutralizing antibodies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valerie Oberhardt et al.
Summary: After vaccination, CD8(+) T cells become important effector cells in providing early protection, being effectively mobilized one week after primary vaccination and maintaining stability after booster vaccination. Compared with natural infection, vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells exhibit similar functional capacities but with a different subset distribution.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ugur Sahin et al.
Summary: The BNT162b2 vaccine shows 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 by boosting neutralizing antibody titres and activating specific T cell responses. The vaccine-induced immune response is broad and stable, lasting for a prolonged period, providing good coverage against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sokratis A. Apostolidis et al.
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 monotherapy exhibit significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and memory B cells, while CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are robustly activated compared to healthy controls after receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccination.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jose Mateus et al.
Summary: This study examined the immune responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine over 7 months, finding that subjects with preexisting cross-reactive T cell memory exhibited stronger CD4(+) T cell and antibody responses to the vaccine. This demonstrates the biological relevance and potential importance of cross-reactive T cells in generating immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Donal T. Skelly et al.
Summary: Vaccination with two doses generates more robust immune responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, compared to natural infection. High magnitude T cell responses are produced after two vaccine doses, mainly targeting conserved epitopes between the original isolate and the variants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabel Schulien et al.
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces and forms functionally competent memory CD8(+) T cell responses, which can persist in some SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals. Even in the absence of virus-specific antibodies, these virus epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell responses are induced following infection.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian Krammer
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rama S. Akondy et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominik Wieland et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Daniel T. Utzschneider et al.
Article
Cell Biology
Silvia A. Fuertes Marraco et al.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2015)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabian Sievers et al.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
(2011)
Article
Hematology
Cecile Alanio et al.
