Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rana Abdelnabi et al.
Summary: The infectivity of the omicron variant in hamsters was found to be lower than that of the ancestral D614G strain, with a significant decrease in viral RNA load in the lungs and no detectable infectious virus in this organ. Histopathological examination of the lungs from omicron-infected hamsters revealed no signs of peri-bronchial inflammation or bronchopneumonia.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabetta Cameroni et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has raised concerns due to its 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike protein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), leading to increased binding affinity with human ACE2. Neutralizing activity against Omicron was greatly reduced in convalescent and vaccinated individuals compared to the ancestral virus, but this decrease was less significant after a third vaccine dose. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing conserved RBD epitopes may be crucial in combating the Omicron variant and future zoonotic transmissions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter J. Halfmann et al.
Summary: The recent study by the SAVE/NIAID network shows that the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant causes milder lung disease in rodents, which is consistent with preliminary human clinical data.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Liu et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, initially detected in southern Africa, has rapidly spread globally and is expected to become dominant due to its enhanced transmissibility in the coming weeks. This variant poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies due to its significant antibody resistance. Even individuals who have received vaccines and booster doses may have reduced neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura A. VanBlargan et al.
Summary: The emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant raises concerns about the efficacy of antibody countermeasures. This study shows that some of the antibodies currently in clinical use may lose their ability to neutralize the Omicron variant.
Article
Cell Biology
Yueh-Ming Loo et al.
Summary: AZD7442, a combination of two monoclonal antibodies, has the potential to prevent and treat COVID-19 by neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It has shown encouraging results in preventing infection and accelerating virus clearance in animal models. The ongoing phase 1 study has also demonstrated its ability to provide long-lasting protection in healthy participants. This research is significant in providing additional options for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussieres et al.
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that both neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector functions of antibodies are important for protection against SARS-CoV-2. A non-neutralizing antibody, CV3-13, with potent Fc-mediated effector functions, was found to bind to a specific epitope of the SARS-CoV-2 spike from a unique angle. In mouse experiments, the Fc-enhanced version of CV3-13 delayed virus spread, neuroinvasion, and death, and the combination of Fc-enhanced CV3-13 with a neutralizing antibody completely protected mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ronald R. Cobb et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that neutralizing antibodies with extended half-life and lacking Fc-mediated effector functions are highly effective for pre-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHPs, supporting the clinical development of ADM03820 for COVID-19 prevention.
Article
Immunology
Alexandra Schafer et al.
Summary: The study shows that combined use of hu-mAbs is effective for prevention and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but in vivo protection is influenced by intact effector function.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zhuoming Liu et al.
Summary: The study found that antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have escape mutations, different monoclonal antibodies have unique resistance profiles, some mutants are resistant to multiple antibodies while some variants can escape neutralization by convalescent sera. Comparing antibody-mediated mutations with circulating SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed substitutions that may weaken neutralizing immune responses in some individuals, warranting further investigation.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rita E. Chen et al.
Summary: The study analyzed antibody neutralization activity against a panel of authentic isolates and chimeric SARS-CoV-2 variants, showing significantly reduced neutralizing activity against the B.1.351 variant first identified in South Africa. Antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent sera, and mRNA vaccine-induced immune sera exhibited decreased inhibitory activity against viruses with an E484K spike mutation, suggesting a need for updated monoclonal antibodies or vaccine adjustments to prevent loss of protection against emerging variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naveenchandra Suryadevara et al.
Summary: The study found that a subset of human monoclonal antibodies derived from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 patients possess neutralizing activity, with two antibodies capable of inhibiting infection. Mechanistic studies revealed these antibodies neutralize in part by inhibiting post-attachment steps in the infection cycle.
Article
Immunology
Irfan Ullah et al.
Summary: Neutralizing antibodies are effective in treating COVID-19, but the mechanism of immune protection is not fully understood. Real-time imaging revealed that highly potent NAbs can prevent and resolve established infections when administered within three days. Both Fab and Fc effector functions of NAbs are essential for optimal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Immunology
Laura A. VanBlargan et al.
Summary: The development of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, such as SARS2-38, that target conserved spike epitopes shows promise in protecting against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. These antibodies may help limit the loss of potency of therapies or vaccines against emerging strains.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel Yamin et al.
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies with optimized Fc domains show superior potency in preventing and treating COVID-19 in animal disease models, reducing the dose required for protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge and for treating pre-infected animals. Selective engagement of activating Fc receptors results in improved efficacy, highlighting the importance of Fc receptor pathways in driving antibody-mediated antiviral immunity. These findings have implications for the development of Fc-engineered monoclonal antibodies with optimal Fc-effector function against COVID-19.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rita E. Chen et al.
Summary: Cell culture experiments showed reduced or abrogated neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains, but low prophylactic doses of antibody combinations protected against infection in vivo without resistance emergence. Higher doses of several monoclonal antibody cocktails also provided protection against viruses with a B.1.351 spike gene in vivo. Many antibody products with Emergency Use Authorization should therefore retain substantial efficacy against prevailing variant strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian A. Lempp et al.
Summary: The study reveals that C-type lectin receptors and other factors can serve as attachment receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, enhancing ACE2-mediated infection and modulating the neutralizing activity of antibodies.
Article
Microbiology
Jinhui Dong et al.
Summary: Structural analysis of two human monoclonal antibodies forming the antibody cocktail AZD7442, when bound to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2, demonstrates strong neutralization of variants of concern. Genetic and structural basis of neutralization has been defined, revealing crucial binding residues and positions of concern for virus escape. These germ line-encoded antibody features enable recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and showcase the utility of cocktail AZD7442 in neutralizing emerging variant viruses.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiuyuan Ou et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dora Pinto et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Lan et al.
Article
Immunology
Ruochen Zang et al.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seth J. Zost et al.
Article
Virology
James Brett Case et al.
Review
Immunology
Kevin O. Saunders
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas D. Goddard et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erica Ollmann Saphire et al.
Article
Microbiology
Bronwyn M. Gunn et al.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2018)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
David J. DiLillo et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David J. DiLillo et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick Smith et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2012)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Vaheh Oganesyan et al.
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2008)
Article
Immunology
WF Dall'Acqua et al.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2002)