Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32010-y
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [52073056, 51973031, 51933001]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Donghua University) [2232021A09, 2232022A-13]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [19ZR1401400, 22ZR1401900]
- European Union [851676]
- European Research Council (ERC) [851676] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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This study focuses on the key issue of high-efficiency indium tin oxide-free organic optoelectronic devices. It achieves high conductivity and low optical absorption losses in zinc oxide films through the photoinduced doping effect, and further improves the conductivity by using a stacking strategy.
Achieving high-efficiency indium tin oxide (ITO)-free organic optoelectronic devices requires the development of high-conductivity and high-transparency materials for being used as the front electrode. Herein, sol-gel-grown zinc oxide (ZnO) films with high conductivity (460 S cm(-1)) and low optical absorption losses in both visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions are realized utilizing the persistent photoinduced doping effect. The origin of the increased conductivity after photo-doping is ascribed to selective trapping of photogenerated holes by oxygen vacancies at the surface of the ZnO film. Then, the conductivity of the sol-gel-grown ZnO is further increased by stacking the ZnO using a newly developed sequential deposition strategy. Finally, the stacked ZnO is used as the cathode to construct ITO-free organic solar cells, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes: The devices based on ZnO outperform those based on ITO, owing to the reduced surface recombination losses at the cathode/active layer interface, and the reduced parasitic absorption losses in the electrodes of the ZnO based devices. A highly conductive and transparent electrode is essential to achieving a high efficiency in indium tin oxide-free optoelectronic devices. Here, the authors strategically prepare sol-gel-grown zinc oxide films based on photoinduced doping effect and demonstrate enhanced performance of devices.
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