Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v14081635
Keywords
amyloid; amyloidosis; prion; [PSI+]; fibril; protofibrils
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R35 GM118042]
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The formation of amyloid fibers is associated with various diseases and phenotypic conditions, and they can assemble into multi-protofibril and high-order architectures. Using prion propagation in yeast as a model, researchers can explore the connection between these aggregation states and the biological consequences of amyloid dynamics.
The formation of amyloid fibers is associated with a diverse range of disease and phenotypic states. These amyloid fibers often assemble into multi-protofibril, high-order architectures in vivo and in vitro. Prion propagation in yeast, an amyloid-based process, represents an attractive model to explore the link between these aggregation states and the biological consequences of amyloid dynamics. Here, we integrate the current state of knowledge, highlight opportunities for further insight, and draw parallels to more complex systems in vitro. Evidence suggests that high-order fibril architectures are present ex vivo from disease relevant environments and under permissive conditions in vivo in yeast, including but not limited to those leading to prion formation or instability. The biological significance of these latter amyloid architectures or how they may be regulated is, however, complicated by inconsistent experimental conditions and analytical methods, although the Hsp70 chaperone Ssa1/2 is likely involved. Transition between assembly states could form a mechanistic basis to explain some confounding observations surrounding prion regulation but is limited by a lack of unified methodology to biophysically compare these assembly states. Future exciting experimental entryways may offer opportunities for further insight.
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