Journal
JOURNAL OF ECONOMETRICS
Volume 190, Issue 2, Pages 360-373Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.06.015
Keywords
Unobserved heterogeneity; Endogeneity; Nonparametric frontiers; Robust estimation of frontiers; Conditional efficiency
Categories
Funding
- IAP Research Network of the Belgian State (Belgian Science Policy) [P7/06]
- European Research Council under the European Community [203650, 295298]
- contract Projet d'Actions de Recherche Concertees (ARC) of the Communaute francaise de Belgique - Academie universitaire Louvain [11/16-039]
- European Research Council (ERC) [295298] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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In production theory, firm efficiencies are measured by their distances to a production frontier. In the presence of heterogeneous conditions (like environmental factors) that may influence the shape and the position of the frontier, traditional measures of efficiency obtained in the space of inputs/outputs are difficult to interpret, since they mix managerial inefficiency and shift of the frontier. This can be corrected by using nonparametric conditional efficiencies. In this paper we extend these concepts in the case where the heterogeneity is not observed. We propose a model where the heterogeneity variable is linked to a particular input (or output). It is defined as the part of the input (or the output), independent from some instrumental variable through a nonseparable nonparametric model. We discuss endogeneity issues involved in this model. We show that the model is identified and analyze the asymptotic properties of proposed nonparametric estimators. When using FDH estimators we achieve a limiting Weibull distribution, whereas when using the robust order-m estimators we obtain the asymptotic normality. The method is illustrated with some simulated and real data examples. A Monte-Carlo experiment shows how the procedure works for finite samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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