Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 219, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118559
Keywords
Organophosphate esters; Water; Suspended particulate matter; Sediment; Health risk
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [42030706]
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This study comprehensively investigated the occurrence, partitioning, and spatial distribution of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in a major tributary of the middle Yangtze River, and found that sewage treatment plant effluents and the mining industry were the main sources of OPEs in the area.
Globally, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have attracted substantial attention because of their ubiquity in the environment, toxicity, and potential ecological and health risks. This study comprehensively investigated the occurrence, partitioning, and spatial distribution of nine ordinary monomeric OPEs (m-OPEs) and three emerging oligomeric OPEs (o-OPEs) in a major tributary of the middle Yangtze River, which is the Zijiang River (ZR), and their associated potential health risks. Total OPE concentrations ranged from 18.8 to 439 ng L-1 , 1.40 to 19.1 ng L-1 , and 3.71 to 77.3 ng g(-1) dw in the surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment, respectively. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) dominated the water (61.3%) and sediment (60.1%) samples, whereas tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) was present in the SPM (59.0%) samples. The proportion of o-OPEs was low in all three media, ranging from 0.60% to 1.90%. Field-based log K-oc values of the frequently detected OPEs were higher than those predicted by EPI Suite and were negatively correlated with temperature. The spatial distribution of OPEs in the water and hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that sewage treatment plant effluents and the mining industry were the main sources of OPEs in the ZR. The total noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPEs in the water were low at the detected concentrations, even in the high exposure scenario.
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