Algae: a frontline photosynthetic organism in the microplastic catastrophe

Recalcitrancy in microplastics (MPs) contributes to white pollution. Bioremediation can remove MPs and facilitate environmental sustainability. Although recent studies have been conducted on the interaction of algae and MPs, the role of algae in MP removal with the simultaneous implementation of 'omics studies has not yet been discussed. Here, we review the adverse effects of MPs on the environment and possible approaches to remove them from the aquatic environment by using algae. We highlight the mechanism of MP biodegradation, the algal species that have been used, and how these are affected by MPs. We propose that algomics, characterization of biodegrading enzymes, and genetic engineering could be effective strategies for optimizing MP degradation.

Automated summary

This article reviews the adverse effects of microplastics on the environment and discusses possible approaches to remove them from the aquatic environment using algae. It highlights the mechanism of microplastic biodegradation, the algae species that have been used, and how they are affected by microplastics. The article proposes that algomics, characterization of biodegrading enzymes, and genetic engineering could be effective strategies for optimizing microplastic degradation.