Journal
TRANSGENIC RESEARCH
Volume 31, Issue 4-5, Pages 457-487Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00312-y
Keywords
Plant parasitic nematode; Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK); Effector triggered immunity (ETI) pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI); Gossypium hirsutum; Cotton; Glycine max; Soybean; Overexpression; RNA interference (RNAi); Gene Ontology
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Funding
- Department of Biological Sciences at Mississippi State University
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology (BMBEPP) at Mississippi State University
- College of Arts and Sciences at Mississippi State University
- MAFES at Mississippi State University
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The study identified that MAPK3 homologs in soybean play a role in defense against parasitic nematodes and their expression in cotton can reduce the parasitic ability of root knot nematodes, showing potential for biocontrol strategies.
Two conserved Glycine max (soybean) mitogen activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) paralogs function in defense to the parasitic soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Gene Ontology analyses of RNA seq data obtained from MAPK3-1-overexpressing (OE) and MAPK3-2-OE roots compared to their control, as well as MAPK3-1-RNA interference (RNAi) and MAPK3-2-RNAi compared to their control, hierarchically orders the induced and suppressed genes, strengthening the hypothesis that their heterologous expression in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) would impair parasitism by the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. MAPK3-1 expression (E) in G. hirsutum suppresses the production of M. incognita root galls, egg masses, and second stage juveniles (J2s) by 80.32%, 82.37%, and 88.21%, respectfully. Unexpectedly, egg number increases by 28.99% but J2s are inviable. MAPK3-2-E effects are identical, statistically. MAPK3-1-E and MAPK3-2-E decreases root mass 1.49-fold and 1.55-fold, respectively, as compared to the pRAP15-ccdB-E control. The reproductive factor (RF) of M. incognita for G. hirsutum roots expressing MAPK3-1-E or MAPK3-2-E decreases 60.39% and 50.46%, respectively, compared to controls. The results are consistent with upstream pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) functioning in defense to H. glycines. The experiments showcase the feasibility of employing MAPK3, through heterologous expression, to combat M. incognita parasitism, possibly overcoming impediments otherwise making G. hirsutum's defense platform deficient. MAPK homologs are identified in other important crop species for future functional analyses.
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