Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in patients with solid tumors: a narrative review and clinical guidance for daily care

Central venous access devices (CVADs) including central venous catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are essential in the treatment of cancer. Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is the most frequent non-infectious complication associated with the use of central lines. The development of CRT may cause to delays in oncologic treatment and increase morbidity leading to potentially life-threatening complications. Several local and systemic risk factors are associated with the development of CRT and should be taken into account to prevent CRT by standardizing appropriate catheter placement and maintenance. The use of primary pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in order to avoid CRT is not routinely recommended, although it can be considered in selected cases. Recommendations for the management of established CRT are based on the extrapolation of anticoagulation for lower limb venous thrombosis. The present review summarizes the current evidence and recommendations for the prevention and management of CRT and identifies areas that require further research.

Automated summary

Central venous access devices (CVADs), such as central venous catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), are crucial in cancer treatment. However, catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a common non-infectious complication associated with their use. CRT can lead to treatment delays and potentially life-threatening complications. It is important to consider various risk factors and standardize catheter placement and maintenance to prevent CRT. Current recommendations for managing established CRT are based on anticoagulation therapy for lower limb venous thrombosis.