Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-related viruses can be readily induced in rhesus macaques

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization after mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination

Rolando Pajon et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Cell Biology

A SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immune responses in nonhuman primates

M. Gordon Joyce et al.

Summary: This study developed an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, which was found to induce strong immune responses and effectively eliminate the virus when challenged with high doses in nonhuman primates.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

A human antibody reveals a conserved site on beta-coronavirus spike proteins and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Panpan Zhou et al.

Summary: This study describes a broadly neutralizing antibody CC40.8 that targets the spike fusion machinery of coronaviruses and demonstrates its protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models, indicating its potential for the development of pan-coronavirus vaccines.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Nucleic acid delivery of immune-focused SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticles drives rapid and potent immunogenicity capable of single-dose protection

Kylie M. Konrath et al.

Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines with modified spike proteins containing glycans have been developed to enhance antibody responses. These nanoparticle vaccines, delivered through DNA, can rapidly induce potent neutralizing antibodies and provide protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. The glycan-coated vaccines have demonstrated durable cross-neutralizing antibody responses against variants of concern.

CELL REPORTS (2022)

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Article Immunology

Targeted isolation of diverse human protective broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-like viruses

Wan-ting He et al.

Summary: This study isolated and characterized a large panel of sarbecovirus broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that were able to neutralize all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron. These antibodies also demonstrated prophylaxis in mice infected with diverse sarbecoviruses, suggesting their potential use in next-generation antibody-based prophylactic and therapeutic applications.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Rhesus and cynomolgus macaque immunoglobulin heavy-chain genotyping yields comprehensive databases of germline VDJ alleles

Nestor Vazquez Bernat et al.

Summary: Translating the text reveals that by conducting comprehensive genetic sequencing of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, researchers have identified the germline immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles in these animal populations for further study of B cell responses in these important pre-clinical models.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Stereotypic neutralizing VH antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain in patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals

Sang Il Kim et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 patients have stereotypic antibody clonotypes targeting the virus spike protein, which may provide protective immunity by neutralizing the virus. These clonotypes also exist in some healthy individuals, suggesting they can develop from naïve B cells rather than memory B cells from prior exposure to similar viruses.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice

Jing-Hui Tian et al.

Summary: The study reports the development of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine candidate that contains full-length spike protein stabilized in its prefusion conformation, showing immunogenicity in mice and protection in baboons with Matrix-M adjuvanted vaccine, supporting ongoing phase 1/2 clinical evaluation of NVX-CoV2373 with Matrix-M (NCT04368988).

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Single Immunization with Spike-Functionalized Ferritin Vaccines Elicits Neutralizing Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice

Abigail E. Powell et al.

Summary: By displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on ferritin nanoparticles, there was a notable enhancement in the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies, making it a viable strategy for single-dose vaccination against COVID-19.

ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicits neutralizing antibodies and CD4 T cell responses after a single immunization in mice

Katharina Worzner et al.

Summary: The study evaluated three different adjuvant systems combined with the SARS-CoV2 spike protein and found that they significantly enhanced antibody responses and neutralizing antibody titers. The oil-in-water emulsion system provided the most rapid response, with all adjuvanted groups developing neutralizing antibodies after a single dose. The specific CD4 T cell responses also varied depending on the adjuvant used.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Variants-Tackling a Moving Target

John R. Mascola et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7

Pengfei Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants

Zijun Wang et al.

Summary: Volunteers who received the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed high levels of antibodies and memory B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, with activity similar to individuals who had recovered from natural infection. However, their efficacy against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants was reduced, indicating a potential need for periodic updates to mRNA vaccines to maintain clinical efficacy.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma

Constantinos Kurt Wibmer et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Rishi R. Goel et al.

Summary: This study found that immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants remains robust for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination, with antibodies declining but still detectable in most individuals. mRNA vaccines also induced functional memory B cells and antigen-specific T cells, with recall responses primarily increasing antibody levels in individuals with preexisting immunity.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

S-Trimer, a COVID-19 subunit vaccine candidate, induces protective immunity in nonhuman primates

Joshua G. Liang et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed a trimeric vaccine candidate S-Trimer for COVID-19 based on Trimer-Tag technology. Immunization studies in animal models showed high levels of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses, and protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. This technology may be crucial for scalable production of subunit vaccines against emerging RNA viruses.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunogenicity of clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in nonhuman primates and humans

P. J. Klasse et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the progress of multiple preventive vaccines being developed to counter the COVID-19 pandemic, including results from animal and human trials as well as challenge experiments. The focus is on comparing the immunogenicity performance of the vaccines and summarizing the press releases on vaccine efficacy trials.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Immunology

A particulate saponin/TLR agonist vaccine adjuvant alters lymph flow and modulates adaptive immunity

Murillo Silva et al.

Summary: The research uncovered that saponin/MPLA nanoparticles have greater potency in promoting immune responses and hold promising potential in both mice and nonhuman primates.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutralizing antibody vaccine for pandemic and pre-emergent coronaviruses

Kevin O. Saunders et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that immunizing macaques with nanoparticles conjugated with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, adjuvanted with 3M-052 and alum, can elicit cross-neutralizing antibody responses against various coronaviruses and provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Nucleoside-modified mRNAs encoding stabilized spike proteins also induce antibody responses against different coronaviruses, suggesting potential for developing vaccines against multiple betacoronaviruses in the future.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adjuvanting a subunit COVID-19 vaccine to induce protective immunity

Prabhu S. Arunachalam et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of an adjuvanted RBD-NP vaccine in inducing robust and durable neutralizing antibody responses, providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cross-neutralizing various variants. Adjuvants such as AS03 and AS37 significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of the vaccine and have the potential to be candidates for COVID-19 vaccines.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection

Leonidas Stamatatos et al.

Summary: The study found that vaccination of both previously infected individuals and those who were not infected resulted in increased neutralizing antibody titers, with previously infected individuals showing a greater boost in neutralizing titers. Vaccination of naive individuals also elicited cross-neutralizing responses, but at lower titers.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-reactive serum and memory B-cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection

Ge Song et al.

Summary: This study examines the impact of pre-existing immunity to seasonal endemic coronaviruses on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, finding weak evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive serum antibodies in pre-pandemic donors, but evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monoclonal antibodies show varying degrees of cross-reactivity with betacoronaviruses, and one neutralizing antibody specific to the S2 subunit of the S protein is identified, suggesting that pre-existing immunity to endemic coronaviruses should be considered in evaluating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Potent Neutralization Antibodies Induced by a Recombinant Trimeric Spike Protein Vaccine Candidate Containing PIKA Adjuvant for COVID-19

Jiao Tong et al.

Summary: The study investigated the efficacy of a recombinant trimeric Spike protein as a potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate, showing it induced Spike protein-specific antibodies with high titers and neutralizing capabilities. The identified immunodominant receptor-binding domain (RBD) and linear epitopes in different regions contribute to its potential effectiveness against the virus.

VACCINES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies

Dapeng Li et al.

Summary: Research has shown that some SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies can enhance virus infection in vitro, but in monkeys and mice, these antibodies can still protect against SARS-CoV-2. However, out of 46 monkeys infused with enhancing antibodies, three showed higher lung inflammation scores compared to controls.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Elicitation of broadly protective sarbecovirus immunity by receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccines

Alexandra C. Walls et al.

Summary: Understanding the protective effects of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other sarbecoviruses is crucial for guiding public health policies. This study demonstrates that a multivalent sarbecovirus RBD-NP vaccine can protect mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge after a single immunization, suggesting a potential dose-sparing strategy. The research also shows that antibodies induced by the multivalent sarbecovirus RBD-NPs exhibit similar resilience to various RBD residue substitutions.

CELL (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Humoral immune response to circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by inactivated and RBD-subunit vaccines

Yunlong Cao et al.

Summary: The study found that the diversity of anti-RBD NAbs plays a major role in neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially 501Y.V2, with E484K being the dominant cause of neutralization reduction. Specific antibodies respond differently to mutations in RBD variants, with lower diversity observed in NTD antibodies. RBD-subunit vaccinees exhibit higher tolerance to neutralization against variants, while extending the interval between doses of ZF2001 enhances neutralizing activity and tolerance to variants.

CELL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Broad sarbecovirus neutralization by a human monoclonal antibody

M. Alejandra Tortorici et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and recurrent spillovers of coronaviruses into the human population emphasize the need for broadly neutralizing antibodies to prevent future zoonotic infections. The human monoclonal antibody S2X259 has shown promising results in neutralizing various forms of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially zoonotic sarbecoviruses by inhibiting the binding of ACE2 to the receptor-binding domain. This antibody targets a key antigenic site and may guide the design of vaccines effective against all sarbecoviruses.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection

Zijun Wang et al.

Summary: Despite challenges posed by COVID-19 variants, convalescent individuals receiving mRNA vaccines exhibit robust and long-lasting immune responses against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing hope for effective control of the pandemic.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 escape from a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma

Emanuele Andreano et al.

Summary: Research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to generate variants resistant to neutralizing antibodies, and computational modeling predicts that these variants may prevent binding of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, the development of vaccines and antibodies capable of controlling emerging variants is crucial.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural and functional ramifications of antigenic drift in recent SARS-CoV-2 variants

Meng Yuan et al.

Summary: Mutations in the RBS residues of new variant strains of the coronavirus can affect the binding and neutralizing effects of antibodies, but have little impact on antibodies targeting more conserved neutralizing sites.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Protective antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccination are boosted in the lung after challenge in nonhuman primates

Joseph R. Francica et al.

Summary: The adjuvanted preS dTM vaccine induced multifunctional humoral responses in NHPs, providing significant protection against SARS-CoV-2. Rapid anamnestic antibody responses in the lung may be a key protective mechanism.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Disassembly of HIV envelope glycoprotein trimer immunogens is driven by antibodies elicited via immunization

Hannah L. Turner et al.

Summary: The study found that off-target antibodies elicited by HIV trimer subunit vaccines can cause protein degradation into protomers, exposing more off-target epitopes and leading to further off-target antibody responses. This provides critical insights for improving HIV subunit trimer vaccines in future iterations of the vaccine design process.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mosaic nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive immune responses to zoonotic coronaviruses in mice

Alexander A. Cohen et al.

Summary: The study developed nanoparticles displaying the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and other animal coronaviruses, which induced cross-reactive antibody responses in mice. Immunization with mosaic RBD nanoparticles resulted in superior neutralization of heterologous viruses, providing a potential strategy for simultaneous protection against multiple coronaviruses.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19

Lianpan Dai et al.

Summary: The urgent need for vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of multiple vaccine candidates, with some showing positive results in late-stage clinical trials. This article discusses the viral elements used in these candidates, the reasons why they are good targets for the immune system, and their implications for protective immunity. Dai and Gao highlight the importance of selecting the right viral targets in vaccine development to ensure an effective immune response and the overall safety and efficacy of the vaccine.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Engineered immunogen binding to alum adjuvant enhances humoral immunity

Tyson J. Moyer et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

Daniel Wrapp et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies

Syed Faraz Ahmed et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses

Michael Letko et al.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report

Fatima Amanat et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2

Yan Wu et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV

Meng Yuan et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Iroki: automatic customization and visualization of phylogenetic trees

Ryan M. Moore et al.

PEERJ (2020)

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A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2

Rui Shi et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection

Bin Ju et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Cross-neutralization ofSARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody

Dora Pinto et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor

Jun Lan et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Structures of Human Antibodies Bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Reveal Common Epitopes and Recurrent Features of Antibodies

Christopher O. Barnes et al.

CELL (2020)

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Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Identified by High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing of Convalescent Patients' B Cells

Yunlong Cao et al.

CELL (2020)

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Structurally Resolved SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Shows High Efficacy in Severely Infected Hamsters and Provides a Potent Cocktail Pairing Strategy

Shuo Du et al.

CELL (2020)

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Mapping Neutralizing and Immunodominant Sites on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain by Structure-Guided High-Resolution Serology

Luca Piccoli et al.

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Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals

Davide F. Robbiani et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Seth J. Zost et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates

Kizzmekia S. Corbett et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2-Preliminary Report

L. A. Jackson et al.

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Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model

Thomas F. Rogers et al.

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Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail

Johanna Hansen et al.

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Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability

Philip J. M. Brouwer et al.

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Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies

Anna Z. Wec et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Structural basis of a shared antibody response to SARS-CoV-2

Meng Yuan et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Cross-reactive Antibody Response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Infections

Huibin Lv et al.

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development

Florian Krammer

NATURE (2020)

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SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies

Christopher O. Barnes et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Lack of cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2

Danielle E. Anderson et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

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Slow Delivery Immunization Enhances HIV Neutralizing Antibody and Germinal Center Responses via Modulation of Immunodominance

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CELL (2019)

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Isolation and Structure of an Antibody that Fully Neutralizes Isolate SIVmac239 Reveals Functional Similarity of SIV and HIV Glycan Shields

Jason Gorman et al.

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Commonality despite exceptional diversity in the baseline human antibody repertoire

Bryan Briney et al.

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Repertoire Builder: high-throughput structural modeling of B and T cell receptors

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Glycan Masking Focuses Immune Responses to the HIV-1 CD4-Binding Site and Enhances Elicitation of VRC01-Class Precursor Antibodies

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Human Ig knockin mice to study the development and regulation of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies

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Reconstructing Antibody Repertoires from Error-Prone Immunosequencing Reads

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Tailored Immunogens Direct Affinity Maturation toward HIV Neutralizing Antibodies

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Induction of HIV Neutralizing Antibody Lineages in Mice with Diverse Precursor Repertoires

Ming Tian et al.

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Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein

Robert N. Kirchdoerfer et al.

NATURE (2016)

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Sustained antigen availability during germinal center initiation enhances antibody responses to vaccination

Hok Hei Tam et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016)

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Immunogenicity of Stabilized HIV-1 Envelope Trimers with Reduced Exposure of Non-neutralizing Epitopes

Steven W. de Taeye et al.

CELL (2015)

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A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence

Vineet D. Menachery et al.

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Priming a broadly neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1 using a germline-targeting immunogen

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Complete humanization of the mouse immunoglobulin loci enables efficient therapeutic antibody discovery

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Recombinant HIV envelope trimer selects for quaternary-dependent antibodies targeting the trimer apex

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Mice with megabase humanization of their immunoglobulin genes generate antibodies as efficiently as normal mice

Andrew J. Murphy et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

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High-Affinity IgG Antibodies Develop Naturally in Ig-Knockout Rats Carrying Germline Human IgH/Igκ/Igλ Loci Bearing the Rat CH Region

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Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-related viruses can be readily induced in rhesus macaques

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