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A critical review of exogenous additives for improving the anammox process

Journal

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 833, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155074

Keywords

Anammox; Exogenous additives; Metabolic mechanism; Promotion

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [51808473]
  2. National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFE0127300]
  3. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20720200112]
  4. Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China [2020J01046]

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Anammox is a low-carbon wastewater biological nitrogen removal process that achieves chemoautotrophic nitrogen removal under anaerobic and anoxic conditions. However, the physiological limitations of AnAOB often cause problems in engineering applications. This paper reviews the role of exogenous additives in optimizing Anammox and provides helpful information for its engineering application.
Anammox achieves chemoautotrophic nitrogen removal under anaerobic and anoxic conditions and is a low-carbon wastewater biological nitrogen removal process with broad application potential. However, the physiological limitations of AnAOB often cause problems in engineering applications, such as a long start-up time, unstable operation, easily inhibited reactions, and difficulty in long-term strain preservation. Exogenous additives have been considered an alternative strategy to address these issues by retaining microbes, shortening the doubling time of AnAOB and improving functional enzyme activity. This paper reviews the role of carriers, biochar, intermediates, metal ions, reaction substrates, redox buffers, cryoprotectants and organics in optimizing anammox. The pathways and mechanisms of exogenous additives, which are explored to solve problems, are systematically summarized and analyzed in this article according to operational performance, functional enzyme activity, and microbial abundance to provide helpful information for the engineering application of anammox.

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