4.7 Article

Persistent organic pollutants in water resources: Fate, occurrence, characterization and risk analysis

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Agricultural Engineering

Recent advances biodegradation and biosorption of organic compounds from wastewater: Microalgae-bacteria consortium-A review

Sook Sin Chan et al.

Summary: Efforts have been made by scientists to develop methods for removing POPs from wastewater, focusing on green mechanisms such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. The use of microalgae-bacteria consortia as a potential wastewater treatment system shows that synergistic interactions can enhance the existing biological wastewater treatment systems effectively.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Microplastics and environmental pollutants: Key interaction and toxicology in aquatic and soil environments

Yujia Xiang et al.

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of the sources, transport, and ecological risks of microplastics, highlighting the negative impacts on the environment and organisms. The interactions of microplastics with other environmental pollutants, as well as their toxicity and accumulation, pose potential risks to ecosystems.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Toxicity evaluation and oxidative stress response of fumaronitrile, a persistent organic pollutant (POP) of industrial waste water on tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus)

K. Chinnadurai et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of fumaronitrile exposure on freshwater tilapia fish through tissue damaging, oxidative stress enzymes, and histopathological studies. The results showed significant changes in tissue damage enzymes and antioxidative enzymes in gill, liver, and muscle cells of the fish after 90 days of exposure to fumaronitrile. The histopathological abnormalities observed in the treated fish indicated severe histological changes caused by fumaronitrile exposure, highlighting the risks associated with this environmental pollutant.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2022)

Review Marine & Freshwater Biology

A review on the occurrences of persistent organic pollutants in corals, sediments, fish and waters of the Western Indian Ocean

Hossein Miraji et al.

Summary: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dioxins, exhibit characteristics of environmental persistence, transboundary mobility, lipophilicity, and bioaccumulation, which pose risks to marine ecosystems. Despite limited data on POPs in the Western Indian Ocean, it was observed that pollutants like DDT and PCBs are primarily transformation products rather than fresh entities. Coastal corals and ocean waters show higher contamination levels compared to offshore areas, indicating terrestrial anthropogenic pollution.

EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC RESEARCH (2021)

Article

Biodegradation of DDT by Co-cultures of Pleurotus eryngii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Diana Maulianawati et al.

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in surface sediments from aquaculture system

Nuning Vita Hidayati et al.

Summary: This study investigated the presence of OCPs and PCBs in the surface sediments from shrimp ponds in the northern part of the Central Java coast. The highest concentration of OCPs was found in Brebes Regency, while PCBs mainly originated from Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1248. Some OCPs were found to exceed sediment quality guidelines, highlighting the potential adverse effects on the environment.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Bacterial communities as indicators of environmental pollution by POPs in marine sediments

Juanjo Rodriguez et al.

Summary: The study found that specific members of bacterial communities thrive under increasing levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine sediments, and that the abundances of certain taxa correlate with specific POPs (or groups), which could potentially be employed in monitoring, status assessment and environmental management purposes.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Recent advances on heterojunction-based photocatalysts for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants

Linxuan Xie et al.

Summary: Photocatalysis has attracted attention for its efficient utilization of solar energy in environmental governance, leading to continuous investigation of various photocatalysts. Significant progress has been made in designing heterostructured photocatalysts for degradation of persistent organic pollutants, showing great potential in the field.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Chlordane exposure causes developmental delay and metabolic disorders in Drosophila melanogaster

Qifang Wu et al.

Summary: Exposure to chlordane has been shown to decrease the survival rate of Drosophila and disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to increased insulin secretion and impaired signaling. Additionally, it results in ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and disruption of redox homeostasis despite the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2021)

Article Food Science & Technology

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in food and human dietary intake: An update of the scientific literature

Neus Gonzalez et al.

Summary: It is established that dietary intake is the main route of human exposure to PCDD/Fs for non-occupationally exposed populations. Recent studies have focused on determining levels of PCDD/Fs in food samples of different origins and their dietary intake. Reductions in environmental emissions of PCDD/Fs have led to decreases in both food samples and biological tissues. Overall, current data shows that tolerable daily/weekly/monthly dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs are not being exceeded.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Persistent organic pollutants: The trade-off between potential risks and sustainable remediation methods

Daniela Negrete-Bolagay et al.

Summary: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have become a serious environmental issue due to their toxicity and resistance to degradation, primarily originating from industrial and agricultural activities. This review article discusses the types, impacts, and removal methods of POPs, focusing on promising technologies such as bioremediation, advanced oxidation, ionizing radiation, and nanotechnology. Alternative approaches to control the use of pollutants and mitigate their effects on water sources are also suggested.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Source emissions and climate change impacts on the multimedia transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants, Chaohu watershed, eastern China

Xianghui Cao et al.

Summary: The study used a multimedia model to explore the spatio-temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants in the Chaohu watershed and assess their potential risks. Climate change significantly affected the transport and concentrations of these pollutants, with rainfall intensity being the predominant controlling factor. Results indicate potential risks to the ecosystem around Lake Chaohu.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (2021)

Article Entomology

Mechanisms of aerobic dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol by Nocardioides sp. PD653

Koji Ito

Summary: This study elucidated the mechanisms underlying aerobic dechlorination of HCB and PCP by Nocardioides sp. PD653, identifying and characterizing genes involved in catalyzing the process. These findings will contribute to in situ bioremediation of HCB- or PCP-contaminated sites and enhance understanding of bacterial evolution in degrading heavily chlorinated anthropogenic compounds under aerobic conditions.

JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE (2021)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Chemico-nanotreatment methods for the removal of persistent organic pollutants and xenobiotics in water - A review

Guruviah Karthigadevi et al.

Summary: While current technologies can generate high-quality water from wastewater, most wastewater treatment plants are not equipped to eliminate emerging xenobiotic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Nanotechnology shows promise in better treating xenobiotic compounds accidentally released into the environment.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Spatial distribution and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in the sediments of the Yesilirmak River and coastal area in the Black Sea

Burak Dinc et al.

Summary: Analysis of organic pollutants in sediments revealed that the main sources of persistent organic pollutants in the region are industrial activities, with agricultural and urban areas also serving as significant diffuse sources.

MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal wetlands: A review of their occurrences, toxic effects, and biogeochemical cycling

Lautaro Girones et al.

Summary: Coastal wetlands, such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes, are highly threatened by increasing anthropic pressures, including chemical pollution. The article reviews the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on these ecosystems, highlighting the bioaccumulative and ecotoxic behavior of these pollutants. While some coastal wetland plants and microorganisms show a high tolerance to POPs, toxicity and biogeochemical processes vary significantly among different species and environmental conditions. Additional research on newly produced POPs is needed to better understand their impact on the studied ecosystems.

MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Persistent organic and inorganic pollutants in the effluents from the textile dyeing industries: Ecotoxicology appraisal via a battery of biotests

Nosra Methneni et al.

Summary: The textile industry in Tunisia is a major economic sector, but it poses potential risks to the environment and human health due to the generation of toxic wastewater. The study revealed that certain physicochemical parameters and metals in textile dyeing effluents did not meet Tunisian standards, and high quantities of dyes were detected even after treatment. Ecotoxicological assessments showed toxic effects on test organisms, particularly Selenastrum capricornutum, indicating potential risks to aquatic biota.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Removal of biological effects of organic pollutants in municipal wastewater by a novel advanced oxidation system

Yuhe He et al.

Summary: The AOS system effectively removes bacterial and organic contaminants from wastewater but may generate secondary oxidative species that pose hazards to aquatic organisms. Exposure to AOS treated water and its long-term effects on aquatic organisms require further investigation. The study showed that AOS treatment significantly reduced adverse effects on aquatic species exposed to treated wastewater effluent and model organic contaminants.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

The concentration of persistent organic pollutants in water resources: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment

Yasser Vasseghian et al.

Summary: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have destructive effects on aquatic ecosystems, affecting the concentration and distribution in water resources. Studies have shown that p,p'-DDT has the highest concentration in water resources, and the most heavily polluted countries with POPs include South Africa, India, and Turkey.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Review Acoustics

Ultrasound for the remediation of contaminated waters with persistent organic pollutants: A short review

F. V. de Andrade et al.

Summary: The rising levels of persistent organic contaminants in water reservoirs have raised concerns among various stakeholders, leading to a focus on identifying efficient processes for their removal. Ultrasound has emerged as a promising and cost-effective alternative for degrading organic pollutants, but research in this area is still limited compared to other advanced oxidation processes.

ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Organic pollutants in deep sea: Occurrence, fate, and ecological implications

Edmond Sanganyado et al.

Summary: The deep sea plays a critical role in global biogeochemical and nutrient cycling functions, but is threatened by organic pollutants from anthropogenic sources. The distribution of organic pollutants in the deep sea is influenced by various factors, including biogeochemical and geophysical factors. Additionally, the transport of organic pollutants in deep sea can be facilitated by steep geomorphologies such as submarine canyons, ridges, and valleys.

WATER RESEARCH (2021)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Occurrence and dissipation mechanism of organic pollutants during the composting of sewage sludge: A critical review

Huixiong Lu et al.

Summary: This review summarizes recent research on the concentration changes and dissipation pathways and mechanisms of different organic pollutants during sludge composting. Some organic pollutants can be effectively removed through biodegradation or mineralization, but there are also recalcitrant organic pollutants that may pose potential risks for land application. The microbial community and degradation of organic pollutants during sludge composting are influenced by different factors, highlighting the need for further research on removing organic pollutants.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Hydrodynamic cavitation as a promising route for wastewater treatment - A review

Baowei Wang et al.

Summary: The cavitation-based process is a promising technology for treating industrial effluents due to its cost-effectiveness, high energy efficiency, and large-scale operation capability. Researchers are exploring the influence of different geometric parameters and operating conditions on cavitation reactions in various HC reactors. The study introduced the formation of HC, the mechanism of pollutant degradation by HC, and the factors affecting cavitation conditions in different cavitating devices.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

A critical review on the formation, fate and degradation of the persistent organic pollutant hexachlorocyclohexane in water systems and waste streams

Srikanth Adithya et al.

Summary: The environmental impacts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a growing concern, and efficient degradation techniques are needed to mitigate these effects. This study focuses on the degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and finds that adsorption, bioremediation, and advanced oxidation processes can achieve near complete removal of HCH under ideal conditions.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Persistence, toxicological effect and ecological issues of endosulfan-A review

Palanivel Sathishkumar et al.

Summary: Endosulfan, classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in the Stockholm Convention and phased out globally, has been found to have a persistent presence and biomagnification potential in the ecosystem, posing potential risks to living organisms including humans. Its distribution in the ecosystem indicates historical and recent inputs, and its toxicity can intensify when interacting with other chemicals, impacting various non-target species negatively.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrokinetic techniques, their enhancement techniques and composite techniques with other processes for persistent organic pollutants remediation in soil: A review

Yuxin Chen et al.

Summary: The paper reviews the progress of EK remediation technology for POPs in soil in recent years, highlighting the need for further research and evaluation of some technologies and the impact of field conditions on remediation effectiveness. Emerging technologies such as advanced oxidation and nanotechnology have demonstrated high POPs removal rates when combined with EK remediation technology.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

A High-Arctic flow-through lake system hydrochemical changes: Revvatnet, southwestern Svalbard (years 2010-2018)

Marek Ruman et al.

Summary: Lake ecosystems are strongly influenced by surrounding landscapes, and the Arctic flow-through lake system Revvatnet in Svalbard exhibits typical characteristics of Arctic lakes, with metal and metalloid concentrations showing similarity or increasing downstream.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in deep-sea sediments of the tropical western Pacific Ocean

Meiling Ge et al.

Summary: In this study, the distribution and potential sources of POPs in sediments of a deep-sea region in the western Pacific Ocean were investigated. The results showed that PAHs were the predominant POPs, originating mainly from biomass and coal combustion. Further research is needed to understand the fate of POPs in marine environments and the ecological risks they pose.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Remediation of emerging environmental pollutants: A review based on advances in the uses of eco-friendly biofabricated nanomaterials

Gurulingaiah Bhavya et al.

Summary: Environmental pollutants from human activities are posing adverse effects on the planet, especially heavy metals and organic pollutants are considered significant worldwide. Recent research focus has shifted towards developing cost-effective technologies as traditional methods are ineffective in eliminating pollutants, with biofabricated nanomaterials showing potential for sustainable environmental remediation.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Occurrence, profiles, and control of unintentional POPs in the steelmaking industry: A review

Jia Shen et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the emissions levels, characteristics, and formation mechanisms of UP-POPs in the steelmaking industry, and discusses the factors influencing UP-POP formation, emission limits, and reduction techniques worldwide in the steel industry.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Arctic Freshwater Environment Altered by the Accumulation of Commonly Determined and Potentially New POPs

Klaudia Kosek et al.

Summary: The chemical composition of Arctic freshwater ecosystems is influenced by various factors such as landscape characteristics and anthropogenic pollution. Pollutants accumulate in Arctic freshwater reservoirs, posing potential negative impacts on animal and human health.

WATER (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Removal of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from water and wastewater by adsorption and electrocoagulation process

Fatima Ezzahra Titchou et al.

Summary: The intensification of industrial activities has led to an increase in the distribution of toxic substances and pollutants from industrial wastewater to the environment, with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) posing harm to humans, wildlife, and plants. Interest in wastewater treatment has grown over the past few decades, with separation techniques like adsorption, coagulation, and electrocoagulation proving to be effective in removing target pollutants.

GROUNDWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Elimination of persistent anthropogenic pollutants by micro-mesoporous carbon xerogels. Natural organic matter on surface water and textural properties influences

J. Llado et al.

Summary: This study investigated the adsorption properties of carbon materials on different types of pollutants, finding that materials with different pore sizes are more suitable for adsorbing different types of pollutants. The presence of natural organic matter influences the adsorption capacity of pollutants on carbon materials.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Synthetic organic dyes as contaminants of the aquatic environment and their implications for ecosystems: A review

Angelika Tkaczyk et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020)

Article Entomology

Study on the biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Kazuhiro Takagi

JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photocatalytic remediation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs): A review

Van-Huy Nguyen et al.

ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Environmental Sciences

Chemical fate of persistent organic pollutants in the arctic: Evaluation of simplebox

Jiaqi Wang et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020)

Review Marine & Freshwater Biology

Pollutants released from the pulp paper industry: Aquatic toxicity and their health hazards

Ajay Kumar Singh et al.

AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (2019)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Recent applications of magnetic composites as extraction adsorbents for determination of environmental pollutants

Meng Yu et al.

TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Recently listed Stockholm convention POPs: Analytical methodology, occurrence in food and dietary exposure

A. R. Fernandes et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2019)

Review Environmental Sciences

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Food: Contamination Sources, Health Effects and Detection Methods

Wenjing Guo et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Environmental characteristics of a tundra river systemin Svalbard. Part 2: Chemical stress factors

Klaudia Kosek et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2019)

Review Environmental Sciences

Treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitation in synergy with advanced oxidation process

Kassim Olasunkanmi Badmus et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2018)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recent advances in the bio-remediation of persistent organic pollutants and its effect on environment

Nisha Gaur et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2018)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Analytical challenges to determine emerging persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems

Maria Lorenzo et al.

TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

Review Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Nanofiltration systems and applications in wastewater treatment: Review article

Mona A. Abdel-Fatah

AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2018)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Hexachlorobenzene as a persistent organic pollutant: Toxicity and molecular mechanism of action

Beata Starek-Swiechowicz et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS (2017)

Article Microbiology

Biodegradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin by the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus

Adi Setyo Purnomo et al.

CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants in soil, water and pristine sites by cold-adapted microorganisms: Mini review

Swati Bajaj et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2015)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Organochlorinated pesticide degrading microorganisms isolated from contaminated soil

Petra Lovecka et al.

NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biotransformation of dieldrin by the marine fungus Penicillium miczynskii CBMAI 930

Willian G. Birolli et al.

BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Environmental Sciences

Bacterial acquisition of hexachlorobenzene-derived carbon in contaminated soil

Ondrej Uhlik et al.

CHEMOSPHERE (2014)

Review Environmental Sciences

Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in parasites

T. T. Yen Le et al.

CHEMOSPHERE (2014)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation and arsenate reduction by a versatile Pseudomonas isolate

Tiancai Feng et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2014)

Article Environmental Sciences

Occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in marine fish from the Natuna Island, South China Sea

Qing Hao et al.

MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN (2014)

Article Environmental Sciences

Fuzzy model for risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems

X. Segui et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2013)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biotransformation of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide by white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus

Adi Setyo Purnomo et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2013)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Persistent organic pollutants and landfills - a review of past experiences and future challenges

Roland Weber et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (2011)

Article Environmental Sciences

POP accumulation in the food chain: Integrated risk model for sewage sludge application in agricultural soils

Ana Passuello et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2010)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Effect of ultrasound on removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from different types of soils

Reena Amatya Shrestha et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2009)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Perspectives of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) removal in an MBR pilot Dlant

Helene Bouju et al.

DESALINATION (2008)

Article Environmental Sciences

Screening ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in Mediterranean sea sediments

Anna Gomez-Gutierrez et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2007)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

A fate and transport ocean model for persistent organic pollutants and its application to the North Sea

T. Ilyina et al.

JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS (2006)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biotransformation of 1,2,3-Tri- and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1

IH Nam et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2006)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Degradation of aldrin in adsorbed system using advanced oxidation processes: comparison of the treatment methods

E Kusvuran et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2004)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated dioxins by an anaerobic bacterium

M Bunge et al.

NATURE (2003)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Rapid spectrophotometric determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in a Pseudomonas enzyme assay

BT Oh et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS (2000)