Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 850, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158059
Keywords
Chloramphenicol antibiotics; Natural attenuation; Advanced oxidation process; Reaction mechanisms; Product risks
Categories
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [U2005206]
- XMU Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates [202210384119, 2022X1004]
- Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology [YDZX20203502000003]
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This review summarizes the elimination efficiency, reaction mechanisms, and resulting product risks of chloramphenicol antibiotics during different environmental treatment processes. It reveals the non-overlooked secondary risks and biodegradability recalcitrance of the degradation products.
Chloramphenicol antibiotics are widely applied in human and veterinary medicine. They experience natural attenua-tion and/or chemical degradation during oxidative water treatment. However, the environmental risks posed by the transformation products of such organic contaminants remain largely unknown from the literature. As such, this re-view aims to summarize and analyze the elimination efficiency, reaction mechanisms, and resulting product risks of three typical chloramphenicol antibiotics (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol) from these transforma-tion processes. The obtained results suggest that limited attenuation of these micropollutants is observed during hydro-lysis, biodegradation, and photolysis. Comparatively, prominent abatement of these compounds is accomplished using advanced oxidation processes; however, efficient mineralization is still difficult given the formation of recalcitrant products. The in silico prediction on the multi-endpoint toxicity and biodegradability of different products is systema-tically performed. Most of the transformation products are estimated with acute and chronic aquatic toxicity, genotox-icity, and developmental toxicity. Furthermore, the overall reaction mechanisms of these contaminants induced by multiple oxidizing species are revealed. Overall, this review unveils the non-overlooked and serious secondary risks and biodegradability recalcitrance of the degradation products of chloramphenicol antibiotics using a combined exper-imental and theoretical method. Strategic improvements of current treatment technologies are strongly recommended for complete water decontamination.
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