DNA Technology and Estimation of Drift of Mutant Alleles in Populations of the Holstein Breed and Its Crosses

The article is devoted to the DNA diagnostics of mutant alleles (CD18(G), SLC35A3(T), and FANCI(BY)) that cause molecular genetic diseases in cattle. Their genogeography in the Holstein breed and its crosses shown. It is established that the following closely related bulls made the greatest contribution to this issue: Osborndale Ivanhoe 1189870 (grandfather), Penstate Ivanhoe Star 1441440 (son), Carlin-M. Ivanhoe Bell 1667366 (grandson). By virtue of intensive Holsteinization, three mutations went from them and spread throughout the world through numerous descendants, including to Russia. The study considered 2003 breeding bulls and cows. The research discusses the problems of stopping mutations and the methods for clearing herds of recessive alleles based on complex measures: selection of bulls homozygous for the normal allele; selection of noncarrier cows of functionally undesirable mutations when creating bull-reproducing groups, nuclei, lines, and families.

Automated summary

The article focuses on DNA diagnostics of mutant alleles causing genetic diseases in cattle, particularly in the Holstein breed and its crosses. It discusses the distribution of mutations, the contribution of closely related bulls, and methods for stopping mutations and clearing herds of recessive alleles.