Rapidly frequency-tuneable, in-vacuum, and magnetic levitation chopper for fast modulation of infrared light

We present an in-vacuum mechanical chopper running at high speed and integrated into a magnetic levitating motor for modulating optical beams up to 200 kHz. The compact chopper rotor allows fast acceleration (10 kHz s(-1) as standard) for rapid tuning of the modulation frequency, while 1 mm diameter slots provide high optical throughput for larger infrared beams. The modulation performances are assessed using a reference visible laser and the high brightness, broadband, infrared (IR) beam of synchrotron radiation at the MIRIAM beamline B22 at Diamond Light Source, UK. For our application of IR nanospectroscopy, minimizing the temporal jitter on the modulated beam due to chopper manufacturing and control tolerances is essential to limit the noise level in measurements via lock-in detection, while high modulation frequencies are needed to achieve high spatial resolution in photothermal nanospectroscopy. When reaching the maximum chopping frequency of 200 kHz, the jitter was found to be 0.9% peak-to-peak. The described chopper now replaces the standard ball-bearing chopper in our synchrotron-based FTIR photothermal nanospectroscopy system, and we demonstrate improved spectroscopy results on a 200 nm thickness polymer film. (C) 2022 Author(s).

Automated summary

We present an in-vacuum mechanical chopper integrated into a magnetic levitating motor for modulating high-speed optical beams. The compact chopper rotor allows for rapid tuning of the modulation frequency, while providing high optical throughput. The modulation performances were evaluated and found to have low jitter and high modulation frequencies. This chopper has been successfully applied in improving spectroscopy results in infrared nanospectroscopy.