A pilot evaluation of respiratory mechanics during prehospital manual ventilation

Introduction: Respiratory mechanics, such as tidal volume (V-T) and inspiratory pressures, may affect outcome in hospitalized patients with respiratory failure. Little is known about respiratory mechanics in the prehospital setting. Methods: In this prospective, pilot investigation of patients receiving prehospital advanced airway placement, paramedics applied a device to measure respiratory mechanics. We evaluated tidal volume (V-T) per predicted body weight (VTPBW) to determine the proportion of breaths within the lung-protective range of 4-10 mL/kg per PBW overall, according to ventilation bag volume (large versus small) and cardiac arrest status (active CPR, post-ROSC, non-arrest). Results: Over 16-months, 7371 post-intubation breaths were measured in 54 patients, 32 patients with cardiac arrest and 22 with other conditions. Paramedics ventilated 19 patients with a small bag and 35 patients with a large bag. Overall, mean V-T was 435 mL (95% CI 403, 467); VTPBW was 7.0 mL/kg (95% CI 6.4, 7.6) with 75% within the lung-protective range. Mean VTPBW and peak pressure differed according to arrest status (absolute difference similar to 0.36 mL/kg and 32 cmH(2)O for active CPR compared to post-ROSC), though not according to bag size. Conclusions: We observed that measuring respiratory mechanics in the prehospital setting was feasible. Tidal volumes were generally delivered within a safe range. Respiratory mechanics varied most significantly with active CPR with lower VTPBW and higher peak pressures, though did not seem to be affected by bag size. Future work might examine the relationship between respiratory mechanics and outcomes, which may identify opportunities to improve clinical outcomes.

Automated summary

This study investigated the respiratory mechanics of patients in the prehospital setting and found that tidal volumes were generally delivered within a safe range. Active CPR significantly affected respiratory mechanics, but bag size did not seem to have an impact.