Journal
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Volume 196, Issue -, Pages 462-481Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.031
Keywords
Catalysts applications; Biomass thermochemical conversion; Pyrolysis; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Gasi fication
Funding
- China Scholarship Council Fund
- National Key Research and Development Project, China [2019YFD1100602]
- Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [51706075]
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China [2015B020237010]
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City, China [201906010042]
- Youth science and technology innovation talent of Guangdong TeZhi plan, China [2019TQ05N068]
- Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Forest Innovation and Office of Energy Research and Development (OERD) Clean Energy Programs
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
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This review provides an overview of the types and applications of catalysts in thermochemical conversion processes of biomass. It also discusses the catalytic reaction mechanisms, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, industrial utilization, as well as the challenges and knowledge gaps in the application of catalysts.
Biomass is one of the most promising renewable resources, and biomass energy is also recognized as the zero-carbon emission energy. Over the past decade, thermochemical conversion technologies have been well developed to convert different types of biomass feedstocks into solid biochar, liquid fuels, and gas, in which catalysts are commonly applied. This review summarizes the types of catalysts used in three common thermochemical conversion pathways (pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification), while focusing on the most recent progress in the applications of catalysts in these processes. The catalytic reaction mechanisms, catalysts deactivation and regeneration, industrial utilization, as well as the challenges and knowledge gaps for applications of catalyst in these processes are analyzed and discussed.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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