In vitro and in vivo evaluation of probiotic potential and safety assessment of Bacillus coagulans SKB LAB-19 (MCC 0554) in humans and animal healthcare

Bacillus coagulans is Gram positive, spore forming and high lactic acid producing bacteria; however, probiotic and safety assessment of the isolated strain need to be investigated for commercial applications. Current study aimed to screen SKB LAB-19 for potential probiotic characteristics viz. enzyme production, antimicrobial properties, pH/bile salt tolerance, temperature stability, antidiarrheal activity in Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats; and acute oral toxicity in mice. The results showed that, SKB LAB-19 produces eight potential enzymes, effective against E. coli and C. perfringensis, tolerant to bile salt (0.3%w/v)/gastric pH (2.5), stable at 40-90 C and nontoxic to cells. SKB LAB-19 was found to be safe and displayed promising results to reverse E. coli and castor oil induced diarrhoea. Histopathological studies showed repair to damaged mucosal epithelium cells and improves integrity of the goblet cells of colon. SKB LAB-19 showed immunomodulatory effects with increased immuno-globulins in blood and augmented weight of spleen and thymus. In addition, SKB LAB-19 showed significant in -vitro antioxidant activity (82.93%), reducing capacity and ascorbate auto-oxidation inhibition effect (94.62%). These preliminary results suggested that, SKB LAB-19 was found to be safe and has the potential to be used as effective probiotic and anti-diarrhoeal agent in humans and animal healthcare.

Automated summary

The study investigated the probiotic characteristics of the Bacillus coagulans strain SKB LAB-19, including enzyme production, antimicrobial properties, tolerance to bile salt and gastric pH, temperature stability, and safety assessment. The results showed that SKB LAB-19 produced eight potential enzymes, exhibited effective antimicrobial activity, and was tolerant to bile salt and gastric pH. It showed stability at temperatures between 40-90°C and was non-toxic to cells. SKB LAB-19 demonstrated promising results as a probiotic and anti-diarrheal agent, improving intestinal damage and exhibiting immunomodulatory effects.