Journal
PLOS ONE
Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268391
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Funding
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK 212T026, TUBITAK 215S614]
- National Institutes of Health, NIH [R01 AI134611]
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Synthetic lethality in DNA repair pathways is an important strategy for treating cancer. In this study, a synthetic lethal interaction between MLH1 and Poly was used for selective treatment of MLH1 deficient cancers. The Poly inhibitor, CR, was found to selectively kill MLH1 deficient cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth.
Synthetic lethality in DNA repair pathways is an important strategy for the selective treatment of cancer cells without harming healthy cells and developing cancer-specific drugs. The synthetic lethal interaction between the mismatch repair (MMR) protein, MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), and the mitochondrial base excision repair protein, DNA polymerasey (Poly) was used in this study for the selective treatment of MLH1 deficient cancers. Germline mutations in the MLH1 gene and aberrant MLH1 promoter methylation result in an increased risk of developing many cancers, including nonpolyposis colorectal and endometrial cancers. Because the inhibition of Poly in MLH1 deficient cancer cells provides the synthetic lethal selectivity, we conducted a comprehensive small molecule screening from various databases and chemical drug library molecules for novel Poly inhibitors that selectively kill MLH1 deficient cancer cells. We characterized these Poly inhibitor molecules in vitro and in vivo, and identified 3,3'-[(1,1'-Bipheny1)4',4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid] (congo red; CR; Zinc 03830554) as a high-affinity binder to the Pol y protein and potent inhibitor of the Pol y strand displacement and one-nucleotide incorporation DNA synthesis activities in vitro and in vivo. CR reduced the cell proliferation of MLH1 deficient HCT116 human colon cancer cells and suppressed HCT116 xenograft tumor growth whereas it did not affect the MLH1 proficient cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth. CR caused mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by inhibiting Poly activity and oxidative mtDNA damage repair, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative mtDNA damage in MLH1 deficient cells. This study suggests that the Pol y inhibitor, CR may be further evaluated for the MLH1 deficient cancers' therapy.
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